Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Barcelona, Spain.
School of Physical Therapy, Ruekert-Hartman College for Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, CO USA ; The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Physiotherapy, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2014 Oct 4;7(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13047-014-0038-5. eCollection 2014.
In-shoe foot orthoses improve conditions such as plantar heel pain (fasciitis), probably due to their ability to raise the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and lower the stress on the plantar tissues. Increasingly the arch-profile form of the in-shoe foot orthosis is being incorporated into sandal footwear, providing an alternative footwear option for those who require an orthosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a sandal that incorporates the arch-profile of an in-shoe foot orthosis does indeed raise the medial longitudinal arch.
Three commercially available non-medical devices (contoured and flat sandal, prefabricated in-shoe orthosis) worn by healthy individuals were studied in two independent experiments, one using radiographic measurements in Australia (n = 11, 6 female, age 26.1 ± 4.3 yrs, BMI 22.0 ± 2.4 kg/m(2)) and the other utilising anthropometric measures in the USA (n = 10, 6 female, age 26.3 ± 3.8 yrs, BMI 23.5 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)). A barefoot condition was also measured. Dorsal arch height was measured in both experiments, as well as in subtalar neutral in the anthropometric experiment. One way repeated measures ANOVA with follow up Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons were used to test differences between the conditions (contoured and flat sandal, orthosis, barefoot). Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardised mean differences (SMD) were also calculated.
The contoured sandal significantly increased dorsal arch height compared to barefoot and flat sandal in both the anthropometric and radiographic experiments with SMD ranging from 0.95 (mean difference 5.1 mm (CI: 0.3, 1.6)) to 1.8 (4.3 mm (1.9, 6.6)). There were small differences between the contoured sandal and orthosis of 1.9 mm (0.6, 3.3) in the radiographic experiment and 1.2 mm (-0.4, 0.9) in the anthropometric experiment. The contoured sandal approximated the subtalar neutral position (0.4 mm (-0.5, 0.7)).
Medial longitudinal arch height is elevated by contoured sandals and approximates subtalar joint neutral position of the foot and that achieved by an orthosis. Practitioners wanting to increase the medial longitudinal arch can do so with either an orthosis or a contoured sandal that includes the raised arch profile form of an orthosis.
鞋内足部矫形器通过提高足内侧纵弓并降低足底组织的压力，改善足底跟痛（筋膜炎）等症状。如今，鞋内足部矫形器的拱形形态正逐渐被应用于凉鞋中，为需要矫形器的人提供了一种替代鞋类选择。本研究旨在评估一种结合鞋内足部矫形器拱形形态的凉鞋是否确实能抬高足内侧纵弓。
本研究共纳入三种市售的非医疗设备（拱形和平面凉鞋、预制鞋内矫形器），在两项独立的实验中，分别使用澳大利亚的放射影像学测量（n=11，6 名女性，年龄 26.1±4.3 岁，BMI 22.0±2.4 kg/m²）和美国的人体测量学测量（n=10，6 名女性，年龄 26.3±3.8 岁，BMI 23.5±3.7 kg/m²）进行研究。同时还测量了赤脚状态。在这两项实验中，都测量了背侧拱高，在人体测量学实验中还测量了距下关节中立位的拱高。采用单因素重复测量方差分析，并进行后续 Bonferroni 校正的两两比较，以检验不同状态（拱形和平面凉鞋、矫形器、赤脚）之间的差异。还计算了均数差值和 95%置信区间（CI）以及标准化均数差值（SMD）。
在人体测量学和放射影像学实验中，与赤脚和平面凉鞋相比，拱形凉鞋均显著增加了背侧拱高，SMD 范围为 0.95（平均差值 5.1mm（CI：0.3，1.6）至 1.8（4.3mm（1.9，6.6））。在放射影像学实验中，拱形凉鞋与矫形器之间的差异较小，为 1.9mm（0.6，3.3），在人体测量学实验中差异较小，为 1.2mm（-0.4，0.9）。拱形凉鞋接近距下关节中立位（0.4mm（-0.5，0.7））。
拱形凉鞋可抬高足内侧纵弓，且接近距下关节中立位和矫形器的位置。希望增加足内侧纵弓的从业者可以使用矫形器或包含矫形器拱形形态的拱形凉鞋来实现。
