Department of Laboratory Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas , Houston, TX , USA.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2015;52(2):45-55. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2014.966898. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Severe hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention. Pseudohyperkalemia can be misleading and result in incorrect interpretation and inappropriate patient management. Immediate recognition and appropriate interpretation of pseudohyperkalemia, on the other hand, prevents misdiagnosis and unnecessary intervention. Pseudohyperkalemia is induced by hemolysis and excessive leakage of potassium from cells during or after blood collection. It has been increasingly seen in many hematological disorders such as leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. Reverse pseudohyperkalemia has recently been reported in leukemic patients in whom the plasma potassium levels are greater than the serum potassium levels because of heparin-induced cell membrane damage. Although pseudohyperkalemia has long been recognized and understood, it continues to be misinterpreted. To improve patient care, an algorithm for investigation of pseudohyperkalemia and preventive measures should be established and implemented in the clinical laboratory.
严重高钾血症是一种潜在的危及生命的病症，需要立即进行医学干预。假性高钾血症可能具有误导性，导致不正确的解读和不适当的患者管理。另一方面，立即识别和适当解读假性高钾血症可防止误诊和不必要的干预。假性高钾血症是由溶血和血液采集过程中或之后细胞内钾过度漏出引起的。它在许多血液学疾病中越来越常见，如白细胞增多和血小板增多。最近有报道称，白血病患者中出现了反向假性高钾血症，由于肝素诱导的细胞膜损伤，血浆钾水平大于血清钾水平。尽管假性高钾血症早已被认识和理解，但它仍被误解。为了改善患者的护理，应在临床实验室中建立和实施用于调查假性高钾血症的算法和预防措施。
