Cohn J N
Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
Am J Hypertens. 1989 Dec;2(12 Pt 2):353S-356S.
The sympathetic nervous system has been viewed as the critical mechanism for cardiovascular response to increased circulatory needs during acute stress, augmenting cardiac rate and contractility and changing peripheral vascular tone. These physiologic responses, however, are increasingly thought to cause long-term adverse effects--such as altered myocardial function; renal, systemic, and coronary vasoconstriction; ventricular arrhythmias; and left ventricular hypertrophy--for some patients with cardiovascular disease. How the sympathetic nervous system affects the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is not fully understood, although new techniques for assessing plasma catecholamines and for quantitating sympathetic activity are adding to our knowledge. Nevertheless, a review of the physiologic responses to sympathetic nervous system stimulation reveals much about their possible role in the cardiovascular disease process.
交感神经系统一直被视为急性应激期间心血管系统对循环需求增加作出反应的关键机制，它可提高心率、增强心肌收缩力并改变外周血管张力。然而，越来越多的研究认为，这些生理反应会给一些心血管疾病患者带来长期不良影响，如心肌功能改变、肾血管、全身血管和冠状动脉收缩、室性心律失常以及左心室肥厚。尽管评估血浆儿茶酚胺和定量交感神经活动的新技术不断增加我们的认识，但交感神经系统如何影响心血管疾病的病理生理学仍未完全明了。尽管如此，回顾交感神经系统刺激引起的生理反应，仍能揭示其在心血管疾病进程中可能发挥的作用。
