Salm R, Nöldge G, Buscher H P
Fortschr Med. 1989 Nov 10;107(32):683-7.
New endoscopic and radiological techniques, together with pharmacological developments, prompted by high-surgical risk patients or those developing bile duct stones after prior cholecystectomy--but also by the wish to have less invasive alternatives available, have led to a variety of non-operative therapeutic modalities in gallstone diseases. Both endoscopic and radiological procedures are employed to remove stones from the biliary tract and gallbladder. Extracorporeal lithotripsy and chemical litholysis are being increasingly employed to treat gallbladder stones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a new operative possibility. These different approaches, sometimes used in combination, are associated with different preconditions for success. Indications and results must be measured against the gold standard of cholecystectomy.
新的内镜和放射技术，以及药理学的发展，是由高手术风险患者或那些在先前胆囊切除术后发生胆管结石的患者所推动的——但也是出于希望有侵入性较小的替代方法的愿望，这导致了胆结石疾病的多种非手术治疗方式。内镜和放射程序都用于从胆道和胆囊中取出结石。体外碎石术和化学溶石术越来越多地用于治疗胆囊结石。腹腔镜胆囊切除术是一种新的手术选择。这些不同的方法，有时联合使用，与不同的成功前提条件相关。适应证和结果必须对照胆囊切除术的金标准来衡量。
