Effect of vagotomy on brain and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide during hemorrhage.

These experiments investigated the change in brain, atrial, and plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) after a 33% hemorrhage and the role of vagal nerve input in these changes. In rats, hemorrhage decreased plasma ANP from 246 +/- 48 to 41 +/- 7 pg/ml, but in a hypothalamic tissue block ANP increased from 19.0 +/- 0.9 to 25.5 +/- 0.6 ng/g tissue (P less than 0.05). Bilateral vagotomy was followed by a very large increase in plasma ANP to 703 +/- 198 pg/ml. Atrial pressures, however, fell after vagotomy from 2 +/- 2 to 1 +/- 1 mmHg. Therefore, the effect was not due to increased atrial stretch. Right atrial ANP levels were also elevated by vagotomy, but left atrial ANP concentrations did not change with vagotomy or hemorrhage. After hemorrhage in vagotomized rats, plasma ANP decreased to 79 +/- 6 pg/ml. After vagotomy, the ANP concentration in the hypothalamic block did not rise in response to hemorrhage. The results indicate that the vagus nerves provide a tonic inhibition of ANP levels in atria and plasma. The results cannot be explained by atrial distension. The results show independence of brain and plasma ANP and uncover a tonic vagal inhibition of ANP release.