Risk of chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

The incidence of low-stage renal cell carcinoma is rising and is observed to demonstrate excellent prognosis following surgical treatment irrespective of method. However, several epidemiologic observational and population-based studies suggest that radical nephrectomy is associated with increased adverse renal outcomes such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with partial nephrectomy. This is suggested in turn to lead to increased mortality via an increase in cardiovascular complications and mortality. Prospective data are scarce, and there are conflicting data as well on whether surgically induced CKD is as debilitating as medically induced CKD. Further research is needed to assess the presence and the extent of the relationship between nephrectomy, CKD, and noncancer mortality.