Li Yi, Hershow Ronald, Praptoraharjo Ignatius, Setiawan Made, Levy Judith
University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology-Biostatistics, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
J AIDS Clin Res. 2014 May 1;5(5):303. doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000303.
Few studies have examined psychiatric comorbidity among HIV positive injection drug users (IDUs) in resource-limiting settings. We sought to identify key factors associated with symptoms of depression among IDUs receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in Jakarta and Denpasar, Indonesia.
The cross-sectional study was conducted at five ARV delivery sites in Indonesia. Former IDUs aged 18 years or older having received ARV treatment for at least three months (n=117) were recruited and interviewed face-to-face. A 9-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure symptoms of depression. A structured questionnaire measured participants' demographic characteristics, social support and services received, current substance use, and treatment for drug dependency and HIV. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Of the 117 participants, 33% (39) exhibited symptoms of depression, 24% (28) reported using an illicit substance in the past month, and 29% (34) were in methadone treatment. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with recent substance use in the last 30 days (AOR, 95% CI: 5.3, 1.9 to 15.4) and being on methadone (3.5, 1.2 to 10). Older age (per year 0.9, 0.8 to 1), full-time employment (0.2, 0.1 to 0.7), and living with parents (0.2, 0.1 to 0.6) appeared to be protective.
The results suggest that depression is common among Indonesian IDUs, even among patients enrolled in methadone treatment. HIV clinics and drug treatment programs need to recognize the risk/protective factors and also provide services to address this common comorbidity.
在资源有限的环境中，很少有研究考察过艾滋病毒呈阳性的注射吸毒者（IDU）中的精神疾病共病情况。我们试图确定在印度尼西亚雅加达和登巴萨接受抗逆转录病毒（ARV）治疗的注射吸毒者中与抑郁症状相关的关键因素。
这项横断面研究在印度尼西亚的五个抗逆转录病毒治疗点进行。招募了18岁及以上、接受抗逆转录病毒治疗至少三个月的既往注射吸毒者（n = 117），并进行面对面访谈。使用9项版的流行病学研究中心抑郁量表来测量抑郁症状。一份结构化问卷测量了参与者的人口统计学特征、获得的社会支持和服务、当前的物质使用情况，以及药物依赖和艾滋病毒的治疗情况。采用多元逻辑回归计算调整后的优势比（AOR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
在117名参与者中，33%（39人）表现出抑郁症状，24%（28人）报告在过去一个月使用过非法物质，29%（34人）正在接受美沙酮治疗。抑郁症状与过去30天内近期使用物质（AOR，95%CI：5.3，1.9至15.4）以及正在接受美沙酮治疗（3.5，1.2至10）显著相关。年龄较大（每年0.9，0.8至1）、全职工作（0.2，0.1至0.7）以及与父母同住（0.2，0.1至0.6）似乎具有保护作用。
结果表明，抑郁在印度尼西亚的注射吸毒者中很常见，即使在接受美沙酮治疗的患者中也是如此。艾滋病毒诊所和药物治疗项目需要认识到风险/保护因素，并提供服务来解决这种常见的共病情况。
