Mejia Torres Rosa Elena, Franco Garcia Dora Nelly, Fontecha Sandoval Gustavo Adolfo, Hernandez Santana Adriana, Singh Prabhjot, Mancero Bucheli Sandra Tamara, Saboya Martha, Paz Mirian Yolanda
National Parasitology Laboratory, Direction of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazan, Honduras.
Population Risks, Ministry of Health of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazan, Honduras.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Oct 16;8(10):e3248. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003248. eCollection 2014 Oct.
Many small studies have been done in Honduras estimating soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) prevalence but a country-wide study was last done in 2005. The country has the highest burden of malaria among all Central American countries. The present study was done to estimate country-wide STH prevalence and intensity, malaria prevalence and nutritional status in school going children.
A cross-sectional study was conducted following PAHO/WHO guidelines to select a sample of school going children of 3rd to 5th grades, representative of ecological regions in the country. A survey questionnaire was filled; anthropometric measurements, stool sample for STH and blood sample for malaria were taken. Kato-Katz method was used for STH prevalence and intensity and rapid diagnostic tests, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for malaria parasite detection. A total of 2554 students were studied of which 43.5% had one or more STH. Trichuriasis was the most prevalent (34%) followed by ascariasis (22.3%) and hookworm (0.9%). Ecological regions II (59.7%) and VI (55.6%) in the north had the highest STH prevalence rates while IV had the lowest (10.6%). Prevalence of one or more high intensity STH was low (1.6%). Plasmodium vivax was detected by PCR in only 5 students (0.2%), all of which belonged to the same municipality; no P. falciparum infection was detected. The majority of children (83%) had normal body mass index for their respective age but a significant proportion were overweight (10.42%) and obese (4.35%).
Biannual deworming campaigns would be necessary in ecological regions II and VI, where STH prevalence is >50%. High prevalence of obesity in school going children is a worrying trend and portends of future increase in obesity related diseases. Malaria prevalence, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, was low and provides evidence for Honduras to embark on elimination of the disease.
洪都拉斯已开展了多项小型研究来估算土壤传播蠕虫病（STH）的流行率，但上一次全国性研究是在2005年进行的。该国在所有中美洲国家中疟疾负担最重。本研究旨在估算全国学龄儿童的STH流行率和感染强度、疟疾流行率及营养状况。
按照泛美卫生组织/世界卫生组织的指南开展了一项横断面研究，以选取该国生态区域具有代表性的三至五年级学龄儿童样本。填写了一份调查问卷；进行了人体测量、采集了用于检测STH的粪便样本和用于检测疟疾的血液样本。采用加藤-厚涂片法检测STH的流行率和感染强度，采用快速诊断检测、显微镜检查和聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测疟原虫。共对2554名学生进行了研究，其中43.5%的学生感染了一种或多种STH。鞭虫病最为常见（34%），其次是蛔虫病（22.3%）和钩虫病（0.9%）。北部的生态区域二（59.7%）和生态区域六（55.6%）的STH流行率最高，而生态区域四的流行率最低（10.6%）。一种或多种高强度STH的流行率较低（1.6%）。仅在5名学生（0.2%）中通过PCR检测到间日疟原虫，所有这些学生都来自同一个市；未检测到恶性疟原虫感染。大多数儿童（83%）的体重指数与其年龄相符，但有相当比例的儿童超重（10.42%）和肥胖（4.35%）。
在STH流行率>50%的生态区域二和生态区域六，有必要每半年开展一次驱虫活动。学龄儿童肥胖率高是一个令人担忧的趋势，预示着未来与肥胖相关疾病的增加。有症状和无症状的疟疾流行率都很低，这为洪都拉斯着手消除该疾病提供了证据。
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