Zaragoza Scherman Alejandra, Salgado Sinué, Shao Zhifang, Berntsen Dorthe
a Center on Autobiographical Memory Research (CON AMORE), Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, School of Business and Social Sciences , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark.
b School of Psychology and Cognitive Science , East China Normal University , Shanghai , China.
Memory. 2015;23(8):1152-71. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2014.962997. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether cultural differences exist in event centrality, emotional distress and well-being in a total of 565 adults above age 40 from Mexico, Greenland, China and Denmark. Participants completed questionnaires to determine their level of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms, and of life satisfaction. They also completed event centrality scales for their most positive and most negative life events. Across cultures, participants rated positive events as more central to their identity and life stories, compared with negative events. Furthermore, participants with higher levels of emotional distress rated negative events as more central to their identity and life story, compared with participants with lower scores. However, a converse pattern was not found for positive events. Finally, participants with higher scores of life satisfaction tended to rate positive events as more central and negative events as less central to their identity and life story, compared with participants with lower scores. It is concluded that across cultures, positive events are considered more central to identity and life story than negative events and that event centrality ratings tend to be affected in similar ways by higher versus lower levels of emotional distress or well-being.
本研究旨在调查来自墨西哥、格陵兰、中国和丹麦的565名40岁以上成年人在事件中心性、情绪困扰和幸福感方面是否存在文化差异。参与者完成了问卷调查，以确定他们的创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状水平以及生活满意度。他们还完成了关于最积极和最消极生活事件的事件中心性量表。在所有文化中，与消极事件相比，参与者将积极事件评为对其身份和生活故事更核心的事件。此外，与得分较低的参与者相比，情绪困扰程度较高的参与者将消极事件评为对其身份和生活故事更核心的事件。然而，在积极事件方面未发现相反的模式。最后，与得分较低的参与者相比，生活满意度得分较高的参与者倾向于将积极事件评为对其身份和生活故事更核心，而将消极事件评为对其身份和生活故事不那么核心。研究得出结论，在所有文化中，积极事件被认为比消极事件对身份和生活故事更核心，并且事件中心性评分往往会受到情绪困扰或幸福感的高低以类似方式的影响。
