Schmoll H J
Division of Haematology/Oncology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, FRG.
Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1989;25 Suppl 1:S35-9.
Although significant advances have been made in the treatment of malignant diseases, many agents cause nausea and vomiting severe enough to cause patients to be hospitalised or to refuse further treatment. Several classes of anti-emetics are currently used, but are only partially effective and are often associated with side effects such as extrapyramidal reactions. Ondansetron, a specific 5-HT3 antagonist, has been fully evaluated in the clinic, both as an intravenous and oral presentation, and in open studies in patients receiving non-cisplatin chemotherapy regimens it was highly effective in controlling acute and delayed emesis -- more than 90% of patients had a complete or major response to treatment. In three randomised, double-blind studies comparing ondansetron and metoclopramide, ondansetron was found to be superior in the control of both emesis and nausea. Ondansetron was also shown to be safe and well tolerated; in particular, no extrapyramidal reactions were reported.
尽管在恶性疾病的治疗方面已取得显著进展，但许多药物会引起严重的恶心和呕吐，严重到足以使患者住院或拒绝进一步治疗。目前使用了几类止吐药，但它们只是部分有效，而且常常伴有诸如锥体外系反应等副作用。昂丹司琼，一种特异性5-羟色胺3拮抗剂，已在临床上进行了全面评估，包括静脉注射和口服剂型，并且在接受非顺铂化疗方案的患者的开放研究中，它在控制急性和迟发性呕吐方面非常有效——超过90%的患者对治疗有完全或主要反应。在三项比较昂丹司琼和甲氧氯普胺的随机双盲研究中，发现昂丹司琼在控制呕吐和恶心方面更具优势。昂丹司琼还被证明是安全且耐受性良好的；特别是，未报告有锥体外系反应。
