[Synchronous multiple primary lung cancers in a 65-year old heavy smoker. Case report].

Here we present a 65-year old ex-smoker with history of recent surgery for vocal cord tumor (histology: moderate grade intraepithelial neoplasia), who reported to the pulmonary outpatient clinic for the nodular lesions in the left lung seen on chest X-ray. Subsequent chest CT scan revealed focal lesion of 18 mm in diameter with spicular margins located in the right upper lobe, another irregular cyst with septa, 62 × 58 mm in the right lower lobe, and calcified nodule in the left lung, no enlarged lymph nodes or pleural effusion was seen. He underwent upper right lobe resection and wedge resection of the lower right lobe. Histological examination revealed adenocarcinoma in the right upper lobe with lymph node metastasis (pT2aN2M0). Examination of the right lower lobe showed squamous cell carcinoma (pT2bN0M0). He was subsequently treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. During 20 months of the follow-up, he remained in good health with no signs of the disease progression. Patients with synchronous multiple primary lung cancers have significantly less favorable outcome than those with single primary lung malignancies, although it can be considerably improved with radical surgical treatment. Basing on the above case report, we discussed diagnostic and therapeutical scheme in patients with the primary multiple lung cancers, and have analyzed epidemiological data and some aspects of MPM etiology.