Dessaint J P, Capron A
Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France.
Immunodefic Rev. 1989;1(4):311-24.
Immunodeficiencies linked to parasitism are mainly seen in protozoan infections. The clinical expression varies from generalized unresponsiveness to failure to mount a protective immune response, non-sterilizing immunity being the common situation in most parasite infections. Besides becoming involved with general mechanisms, such as antigenic competition and induction of suppressor cells, parasites can interfere directly in the immune networks through the release of immunomodulatory factors. Antigenic mimicry, antigenic variation at the molecular level (i.e. change in antigen sequence) or topographical level (i.e., surface versus internal expression), and deviation of the immune response towards production of non-protective and even blocking effectors provide unique models of how an infective microorganism can survive and even take advantage of the immune response of its host to reach an equilibrium between host defence and parasite escape strategies responsible for the chronicity of the infection.
与寄生虫感染相关的免疫缺陷主要见于原生动物感染。临床表现从全身性无反应到无法产生保护性免疫反应不等，在大多数寄生虫感染中，非杀菌性免疫是常见情况。除了参与抗原竞争和诱导抑制性细胞等一般机制外，寄生虫还可通过释放免疫调节因子直接干扰免疫网络。抗原模拟、分子水平（即抗原序列改变）或拓扑水平（即表面表达与内部表达）的抗原变异，以及免疫反应偏向产生非保护性甚至阻断性效应因子，为感染性微生物如何生存甚至利用宿主的免疫反应在宿主防御和寄生虫逃避策略之间达成平衡从而导致感染慢性化提供了独特模型。
