Tong Jing-Jing, Yao Kai-Hu, Yang Yong-Hong
Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2014 Oct;16(10):1075-80.
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is responsible for two distinct clinical syndromes in the newborn period categorised as either early- or late-onset GBS disease. Maternal GBS colonization of gastrointestinal tract or vaginal is the major risk factor for GBS diseases. There are two main strategies for identifying women at risk of giving birth to a GBS-infected infant: universal screening strategy and risk-based assessment. In the United States and other countries, the implementation of maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis policies has significantly reduced the incidence of early-onset neonatal GBS disease, but has little effect on the incidence of late-onset GBS disease. Penicillin is the first choice for antibiotic prophylaxis treatment. GBS strains which are isolated from pregnant women who are allergic to penicillin should undergo antibiotic susceptibility testing. Antibiotic prophylaxis measures have some disadvantages, so researchers should actively develop other precautions to prevent GBS infection.
B族链球菌（GBS）在新生儿期会引发两种不同的临床综合征，分为早发型或晚发型GBS疾病。母亲胃肠道或阴道GBS定植是GBS疾病的主要危险因素。识别有分娩GBS感染婴儿风险的女性有两种主要策略：普遍筛查策略和基于风险的评估。在美国和其他国家，实施产妇产时抗生素预防政策显著降低了早发型新生儿GBS疾病的发病率，但对晚发型GBS疾病的发病率影响不大。青霉素是抗生素预防治疗的首选。从对青霉素过敏的孕妇中分离出的GBS菌株应进行抗生素敏感性测试。抗生素预防措施存在一些缺点，因此研究人员应积极开发其他预防措施以预防GBS感染。
