Adv Clin Chem. 2014;66:25-77.
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide and survival rates have remained unchanged in spite of medical advancements. Much research has been dedicated to the identification of novel biomarkers for this deadly disease, yet it has not been until recently that a few serum-based tests have been added to carbohydrate antigen 125 as Food and Drug Administration-approved tests for ovarian cancer. This lack of success in identifying clinically relevant biomarkers has been largely attributed to poor study design and bias leading to false discoveries or identification of second-tier biomarkers. Fortunately, a better understanding of the guidelines used to assess the clinical utility of a biomarker and the various phases of biomarker development will aid in avoiding such biases. As well, advances in high-throughput technologies have caused a renewed interest in biomarker discovery for ovarian cancer using alternative strategies such as targeted sequencing and proteomics. In this chapter, we will review the current state of ovarian cancer biomarker research with a focus on diagnostic serum markers. Furthermore, we will examine the standard practice guidelines' criteria for acceptance of a biomarker into the clinic as well as emerging high-throughput approaches to the discovery of novel ovarian cancer biomarkers.
卵巢癌仍然是全球最致命的妇科恶性肿瘤，尽管医学取得了进步，但生存率仍未改变。许多研究致力于鉴定这种致命疾病的新型生物标志物，但直到最近，一些基于血清的测试才被添加到 CA125 作为美国食品和药物管理局批准的卵巢癌检测方法中。在鉴定临床相关生物标志物方面缺乏成功，在很大程度上归因于研究设计不佳和偏差导致虚假发现或二级生物标志物的鉴定。幸运的是，更好地了解用于评估生物标志物临床效用的指南以及生物标志物开发的各个阶段将有助于避免这种偏差。此外，高通量技术的进步引起了人们对使用靶向测序和蛋白质组学等替代策略发现卵巢癌生物标志物的新兴趣。在本章中，我们将回顾卵巢癌生物标志物研究的现状，重点介绍诊断性血清标志物。此外，我们将检查将生物标志物纳入临床的标准实践指南标准，以及发现新型卵巢癌生物标志物的新兴高通量方法。
