Giammarioli Monica, Ceglie Letizia, Rossi Elisabetta, Bazzucchi Moira, Casciari Cristina, Petrini Stefano, De Mia Gian Mario
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
Virus Genes. 2015 Feb;50(1):147-51. doi: 10.1007/s11262-014-1132-2. Epub 2014 Oct 28.
Sequence-based genotyping was recently used to distinguish between the BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 species of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Quite recently, a new putative species, BVDV-3, was also detected. The phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and Npro region has revealed at least 17 distinct subtypes for BVDV-1 to date. The aim of this study was to further investigate the genetic heterogeneity of BVDV-1 in Italy, by analysing 173 virus sequences from isolates collected over an 18-year period (1997-2014). Viral RNA was extracted from the original biological samples identified as BVDV-1-positive. Reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting a 288-base pair (bp) region of the 5'-UTR and a 428-bp region encoding the autoprotease Npro were performed, and the RT-PCR products were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR and Npro sequences re-confirmed the circulation of ten out of eleven subtypes previously discovered in Italy. Interestingly, four isolates differed significantly from all of the bovine pestiviruses identified so far, thereby providing evidence for the circulation of three novel subtypes that have not been documented so far. The growing number of reports on BVDV-1 heterogeneity, including the recent findings reported herein, raises concern related to the emergence and spread of new BVDV variants, with possible implications for animal health and disease control. This global issue needs to be addressed with the highest priority.
基于序列的基因分型最近被用于区分牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）的BVDV-1和BVDV-2毒株。最近，还检测到了一种新的假定毒株，即BVDV-3。对5'-非翻译区（UTR）和Npro区的系统发育分析表明，迄今为止，BVDV-1至少有17个不同的亚型。本研究的目的是通过分析18年期间（1997 - 2014年）收集的173株病毒分离株的序列，进一步研究意大利BVDV-1的遗传异质性。从最初鉴定为BVDV-1阳性的生物样本中提取病毒RNA。进行逆转录（RT）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析，靶向5'-UTR的288个碱基对（bp）区域和编码自蛋白酶Npro的428-bp区域，并对RT-PCR产物进行测序。对5'-UTR和Npro序列的系统发育分析再次证实了意大利先前发现的11个亚型中有10个亚型的传播情况。有趣的是，有4株分离株与迄今为止鉴定的所有牛瘟病毒有显著差异，从而为三种尚未记录的新型亚型的传播提供了证据。关于BVDV-1异质性的报道越来越多，包括本文报道的最新发现，这引发了对新的BVDV变异体出现和传播的担忧，可能对动物健康和疾病控制产生影响。这个全球性问题需要最优先解决。
