Moreno Maggie, Baggio Giosuè
Brain and Language Laboratory, Neuroscience Area, SISSA International School for Advanced Studies.
Language Acquisition and Language Processing Lab, Department of Language and Literature, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Cogn Sci. 2015 Jul;39(5):918-43. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12191. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
In signaling games, a sender has private access to a state of affairs and uses a signal to inform a receiver about that state. If no common association of signals and states is initially available, sender and receiver must coordinate to develop one. How do players divide coordination labor? We show experimentally that, if players switch roles at each communication round, coordination labor is shared. However, in games with fixed roles, coordination labor is divided: Receivers adjust their mappings more frequently, whereas senders maintain the initial code, which is transmitted to receivers and becomes the common code. In a series of computer simulations, player and role asymmetry as observed experimentally were accounted for by a model in which the receiver in the first signaling round has a higher chance of adjusting its code than its partner. From this basic division of labor among players, certain properties of role asymmetry, in particular correlations with game complexity, are seen to follow.
在信号博弈中，发送者能够私下获取某种情况，并使用信号向接收者传达该情况。如果信号与情况最初没有共同的关联，发送者和接收者就必须进行协调以建立这种关联。参与者如何分配协调工作呢？我们通过实验表明，如果参与者在每个通信回合交换角色，协调工作会由双方共同承担。然而，在角色固定的博弈中，协调工作是有分工的：接收者更频繁地调整他们的映射，而发送者维持初始编码，该编码被传输给接收者并成为共同编码。在一系列计算机模拟中，一个模型解释了实验中观察到的参与者和角色不对称现象，该模型认为在第一轮信号传递中，接收者比其伙伴更有可能调整其编码。从参与者之间这种基本的分工中，可以看出角色不对称的某些特性，特别是与博弈复杂性的相关性。
