Maciejczyk Marcin, Wiecek Magdalena, Szymura Jadwiga, Szygula Zbigniew, Brown Lee E
1Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland; 2Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland; 3Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland; and 4Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Jan;29(1):58-65. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000727.
Recent evidence suggests that not only body fat (BF) but high lean body mass (HLBM) adversely affects aerobic performance and may reduce aerobic endurance performance as well. However, the influence of body composition on anaerobic performance remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the effects of increased body mass (BM) and body composition on cycling anaerobic power. Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) measurements were conducted in 2 groups of men with similar total BM but different body compositions resulting from (a) high level of BF [HBF group] or (b) high level of lean body mass [HLBM group] and in a control group. Peak power and MP were calculated in absolute values, relative to BM and lean body mass (LBM), and using allometric scaling. Absolute PP and MP were significantly higher in the HLBM group compared with the control and HBF groups. However, PP and MP relative to BM and using allometric scaling were similar in the HLBM and control groups, yet significantly higher than in the HBF group. There were no significant differences between groups in PP and MP when presented relative to LBM. Therefore, it seems that it is not BM but rather body composition that affects PP. Increased BM, resulting from increased LBM, does not adversely affect cycling anaerobic power, but a BM increase resulting from an increase in BF may adversely affect PP. Therefore, coaches and athletes should avoid excess BF to maximize cycling anaerobic power.
近期证据表明，不仅体脂（BF），而且高瘦体重（HLBM）也会对有氧能力产生不利影响，并且可能降低有氧耐力表现。然而，身体成分对无氧能力的影响仍存在争议。本研究旨在探讨体重（BM）增加和身体成分对自行车无氧功率的影响。对两组男性进行了峰值功率（PP）和平均功率（MP）测量，这两组男性的总体重相似，但身体成分不同，分别为（a）高体脂水平[高体脂组]或（b）高瘦体重水平[高瘦体重组]，并设置了一个对照组。峰值功率和平均功率以绝对值、相对于体重和瘦体重（LBM）以及使用异速生长标度法进行计算。与对照组和高体脂组相比，高瘦体重组的绝对PP和MP显著更高。然而，相对于体重并使用异速生长标度法计算时，高瘦体重组和对照组的PP和MP相似，但显著高于高体脂组。相对于LBM呈现时，各组之间的PP和MP没有显著差异。因此，似乎影响PP的不是体重，而是身体成分。由LBM增加导致的BM增加不会对自行车无氧功率产生不利影响，但由BF增加导致的BM增加可能会对PP产生不利影响。因此，教练和运动员应避免过多的BF以最大化自行车无氧功率。
