Suryawanshi R K, Patil C D, Borase H P, Narkhede C P, Stevenson A, Hallsworth J E, Patil S V
School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2015 Feb;37(1):98-107. doi: 10.1111/ics.12175. Epub 2014 Nov 16.
To exploit the microbial ecology of bacterial metabolite production and, specifically, to: (i) evaluate the potential use of the pigments prodigiosin and violacein as additives to commercial sunscreens for protection of human skin, and (ii) determine antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (against pathogenic bacteria) for these two pigments.
Prodigiosin and violacein were used to supplement extracts of Aloe vera leaf and Cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit which are known to have photoprotective activity, as well as some commercial sunscreen preparations. For each, sunscreen protection factors (SPFs) were determined spectrophotometrically. Assays for antimicrobial activity were carried out using 96-well plates to quantify growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
For the plant extracts, SPFs were increased by an order of magnitude (i.e. up to ~3.5) and those for the commercial sunscreens increased by 10-22% (for 4% w/w violacein) and 20-65% (for 4% w/w prodigiosin). The antioxidant activities of prodigiosin and violacein were approximately 30% and 20% those of ascorbic acid (a well-characterized, potent antioxidant). Violacein inhibited S. aureus (IC50 6.99 ± 0.146 μM) but not E. coli, whereas prodigiosin was effective against both of these bacteria (IC50 values were 0.68 ± 0.06 μM and 0.53 ± 0.03 μM, respectively).
The bacterial pigments prodigiosin and violacein exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and were able to increase the SPF of commercial sunscreens as well as the extracts of the two plant species tested. These pigments have potential as ingredients for a new product range of and, indeed, represent a new paradigm for sunscreens that utilize substances of biological origin. We discussed the biotechnological potential of these bacterial metabolites for use in commercial sunscreens, and the need for studies of mammalian cells to determine safety.
探索细菌代谢产物产生的微生物生态学，具体而言，要：（i）评估灵菌红素和紫菌素作为商业防晒霜添加剂用于保护人类皮肤的潜在用途，以及（ii）测定这两种色素的抗氧化和抗菌活性（针对病原菌）。
灵菌红素和紫菌素被用于补充已知具有光保护活性的芦荟叶提取物和黄瓜果实提取物，以及一些商业防晒制剂。对于每种制剂，采用分光光度法测定防晒因子（SPF）。使用96孔板进行抗菌活性测定，以量化金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的生长抑制情况。
对于植物提取物，SPF提高了一个数量级（即高达约3.5），而商业防晒霜的SPF提高了10 - 22%（对于4% w/w的紫菌素）和20 - 65%（对于4% w/w的灵菌红素）。灵菌红素和紫菌素的抗氧化活性分别约为抗坏血酸（一种特性明确的强效抗氧化剂）的30%和20%。紫菌素抑制金黄色葡萄球菌（IC50为6.99±0.146 μM）但不抑制大肠杆菌，而灵菌红素对这两种细菌均有效（IC50值分别为0.68±0.06 μM和0.53±0.03 μM）。
细菌色素灵菌红素和紫菌素表现出抗氧化和抗菌活性，能够提高商业防晒霜以及所测试的两种植物提取物的SPF。这些色素有潜力作为新产品系列的成分，实际上代表了利用生物源物质的防晒霜的新范例。我们讨论了这些细菌代谢产物用于商业防晒霜的生物技术潜力，以及对哺乳动物细胞进行安全性研究的必要性。
