Soler Margarita, Anera Rosario G, Castro José J, Jiménez Raimundo, Jiménez José R
*PhD Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain (all authors).
Optom Vis Sci. 2015 Jan;92(1):53-8. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000448.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of the refractive errors in school-aged children in Malabo (Island of Bioko), Equatorial Guinea (western-central Africa).
A total of 425 schoolchildren (209 male subjects and 216 female subjects, aged between 6 and 16 years) were examined to evaluate their refraction errors in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea (western-central Africa). The examination included autorefraction with cycloplegia, measurement of visual acuity (VA) for far vision, and the curvature radii of the main meridians of the anterior surface of the cornea.
A low prevalence of myopia was found (≤-0.50 diopters [D] spherical equivalent), with unilateral and bilateral myopia being 10.4 and 5.2%, respectively. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral hypermetropia (≥2.0 D spherical equivalent) was 3.1 and 1.6%, respectively. Astigmatism (≤-0.75 D) was found in unilateral form in 32.5% of these children, whereas bilateral astigmatism was found in 11.8%. After excluding children having any ocular pathology, the low prevalence of high refractive errors signified good VA in these children. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the refractive errors by age and type of schooling (public or private) but not by sex. In general, the radii of the anterior of the cornea did not vary significantly with age.
The mean refractive errors found were low and therefore VA was high in these children. There was a low prevalence of myopia, with significantly higher values in those who attended private schools (educationally and socioeconomically more demanding). Astigmatism was the most frequent refractive error.
本研究旨在评估赤道几内亚（中西部非洲）马拉博（比奥科岛）学龄儿童屈光不正的流行病学特征。
对赤道几内亚（中西部非洲）马拉博的425名学龄儿童（209名男性和216名女性，年龄在6至16岁之间）进行检查，以评估他们的屈光不正情况。检查包括散瞳验光、远视力（VA）测量以及角膜前表面主要子午线的曲率半径测量。
近视患病率较低（等效球镜度≤ -0.50屈光度[D]），单侧近视和双侧近视患病率分别为10.4%和5.2%。单侧和双侧远视（等效球镜度≥2.0 D）患病率分别为3.1%和1.6%。这些儿童中，32.5%存在单侧散光（≤ -0.75 D），11.8%存在双侧散光。排除有任何眼部病变的儿童后，高屈光不正的低患病率表明这些儿童视力良好。屈光不正的分布在年龄和学校类型（公立或私立）方面存在显著差异，但在性别方面无显著差异。总体而言，角膜前表面半径随年龄变化不显著。
这些儿童的平均屈光不正度数较低，因此视力较好。近视患病率较低，私立学校学生（在教育和社会经济方面要求更高）的近视患病率显著更高。散光为最常见的屈光不正类型。
