Bryant Rolfe J, Anders Merle, McClung Anna
USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA.
J Sci Food Agric. 2012 Feb;92(3):564-9. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4608. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
Rice growers are interested in new technologies that can reduce input costs while maintaining high field yields and grain quality. The bed-and-furrow (BF) water management system benefits farmers through decreased water usage, labor, and fuel as compared to standard flood management. Fertilizer inputs can be reduced by producing rice in rotation with soybeans, a nitrogen-fixing crop, and with the use of slow-release fertilizers that reduce nitrogen volatilization and run-off. However, the influence of these cultural management practices on rice physicochemical properties is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer source, water management system, and crop rotation on rice grain quality.
Grain protein concentration was lower in a continuous rice production system than in a rice-soybean rotation. Neither amylose content nor gelatinization temperature was altered by fertilizer source, crop rotation, or water management. BF water management decreased peak and breakdown viscosities relative to a flooded system. Peak and final paste viscosities were decreased by all fertilizer sources, whereas, crop rotation had no influence on the Rapid Visco Analyser profile.
Sustainable production systems that decrease water use and utilize crop rotations and slow-release fertilizers have no major impact on rice physicochemical properties.
水稻种植者对能够在保持高田间产量和谷物品质的同时降低投入成本的新技术很感兴趣。与标准淹水管理相比，垄沟（BF）水分管理系统通过减少用水、劳动力和燃料使用，使农民受益。通过与固氮作物大豆轮作种植水稻，以及使用减少氮挥发和径流的缓释肥料，可以减少肥料投入。然而，这些栽培管理措施对水稻理化性质的影响尚不清楚。我们的目标是评估氮肥来源、水分管理系统和作物轮作对水稻籽粒品质的影响。
连续水稻生产系统中的籽粒蛋白质浓度低于水稻-大豆轮作系统。直链淀粉含量和糊化温度均未因肥料来源、作物轮作或水分管理而改变。与淹水系统相比，BF水分管理降低了峰值粘度和崩解粘度。所有肥料来源均降低了峰值粘度和最终糊化粘度，而作物轮作对快速粘度分析仪曲线没有影响。
减少用水、采用作物轮作和缓释肥料的可持续生产系统对水稻理化性质没有重大影响。
