Tanikawa Akio, Shinkai Akira, Miyashita Tadashi
1 Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
Zoolog Sci. 2014 Nov;31(11):716-20. doi: 10.2108/zs140034.
The evolutionary process of the unique web architectures of spiders of the sub-family Cyrtarachninae, which includes the triangular web weaver, bolas spider, and webless spider, is thought to be derived from reduction of orbicular 'spanning-thread webs' resembling ordinal orb webs. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to explore this hypothesis using orbicular web spiders Cyrtarachne, Paraplectana, Poecilopachys, triangular web spider Pasilobus, bolas spiders Ordgarius and Mastophora, and webless spider Celaenia. The phylogeny inferred from partial sequences of mt-COI, nuclear 18S-rRNA and 28S-rRNA showed that the common ancestor of these spiders diverged into two clades: a spanning-thread web clade and a bolas or webless clade. This finding suggests that the triangular web evolved by reduction of an orbicular spanning web, but that bolas spiders evolved in the early stage, which does not support the gradual web reduction hypothesis.
刺足蛛亚科蜘蛛独特的蛛网结构的进化过程，其中包括三角织网蛛、流星锤蜘蛛和无网蜘蛛，被认为源自类似目级圆网的圆形“跨线网”的简化。进行了一项分子系统发育分析，以使用圆网蜘蛛刺足蛛属、拟刺足蛛属、曲腹蛛属、三角织网蛛帕氏蛛属、流星锤蜘蛛奥氏蛛属和 Mastophora 属以及无网蜘蛛 Celaenia 属来探索这一假设。从线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基 I（mt-COI）、核 18S 核糖体 RNA 和 28S 核糖体 RNA 的部分序列推断出的系统发育表明，这些蜘蛛的共同祖先分化为两个分支：一个跨线网分支和一个流星锤或无网分支。这一发现表明三角网是通过圆形跨网的简化而进化而来的，但流星锤蜘蛛在早期就已进化，这并不支持蛛网逐渐简化的假设。
