Hernández-García Enrique, Rosenbaum Tamara
Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México.
Curr Top Membr. 2014;74:135-80. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800181-3.00006-3.
There is a subgroup of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels that are responsive to temperature (thermo-TRP channels). These are important to a variety of sensory and physiological phenomena such as pain and taste perception. All thermo-TRP channels known to date are subject to modulation by lipidic molecules of many kinds, from the ubiquitous cholesterol to more specialized molecules such as prostaglandins. Although the mechanisms and sites of binding of lipids on thermo-TRPs are largely unknown, the explosion on research of lipids and ion channels has revealed previously unsuspected roles for them. Diacyl glycerol is a lipid produced by phospholipase C (PLC) and it was discovered to modulate TRP channels in the eye of the fly, and many mammal TRP channels have been found to interact with lipids. While most of the lipids acting on thermo-TRP channels have been found to activate them, there are a few capable of inhibition. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is even capable of both inhibition and activation on a couple of thermo-TRPs, depending on the cellular context. More data is required to assess the mechanism through which lipids affect thermo-TRP channel activity and the physiological importance of this interaction.
有一类瞬时受体电位（TRP）离子通道亚群对温度有反应（热TRP通道）。这些通道对多种感觉和生理现象（如疼痛和味觉感知）很重要。迄今为止已知的所有热TRP通道都受到多种脂质分子的调节，从普遍存在的胆固醇到更特殊的分子如前列腺素。尽管脂质在热TRP通道上的结合机制和位点在很大程度上尚不清楚，但脂质与离子通道研究的蓬勃发展揭示了它们以前未被怀疑的作用。二酰甘油是由磷脂酶C（PLC）产生的一种脂质，人们发现它能调节果蝇眼中的TRP通道，并且已经发现许多哺乳动物的TRP通道与脂质相互作用。虽然已发现大多数作用于热TRP通道的脂质会激活它们，但也有一些能够抑制通道活性。磷脂酰肌醇4,5-二磷酸甚至能够根据细胞环境对一些热TRP通道产生抑制或激活作用。需要更多数据来评估脂质影响热TRP通道活性的机制以及这种相互作用的生理重要性。
