Liang Peipeng, Goel Vinod, Jia Xiuqin, Li Kuncheng
Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China ; Brain Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics , Beijing , China.
Department of Psychology, York University , Toronto, ON , Canada ; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo , Venice , Italy.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Oct 20;8:797. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00797. eCollection 2014.
The inclusion fallacy is a phenomenon in which generalization from a specific premise category to a more general conclusion category is considered stronger than a generalization to a specific conclusion category nested within the more general set. Such inferences violate rational norms and are part of the reasoning fallacy literature that provides interesting tasks to explore cognitive and neural basis of reasoning. To explore the functional neuroanatomy of the inclusion fallacy, we used a 2 × 2 factorial design, with factors for quantification (explicit and implicit) and response (fallacious and non-fallacious). It was found that a left fronto-temporal system, along with a superior medial frontal system, was specifically activated in response to fallacious responses consistent with a semantic biasing of judgment explanation. A right fronto-parietal system was specifically recruited in response to detecting conflict associated with the heightened fallacy condition. These results are largely consistent with previous studies of reasoning fallacy and support a multiple systems model of reasoning.
包含谬误是一种现象，即从特定的前提类别推广到更一般的结论类别被认为比推广到嵌套在更一般集合中的特定结论类别更强。这种推理违反了理性规范，并且是推理谬误文献的一部分，该文献提供了探索推理的认知和神经基础的有趣任务。为了探究包含谬误的功能神经解剖学，我们采用了2×2析因设计，因素包括量化（明确和隐含）和反应（谬误和非谬误）。结果发现，一个左额颞叶系统，连同一个额内侧上系统，在对与判断解释的语义偏差一致的谬误反应中被特异性激活。一个右额顶叶系统在检测与高度谬误条件相关的冲突时被特异性激活。这些结果在很大程度上与先前关于推理谬误的研究一致，并支持推理的多系统模型。
