Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Center, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands,
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2014 Dec;98(23):9579-93. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-6158-9. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
Lignocellulose might become an important feedstock for the future development of the biobased economy. Although up to 75 % of the lignocellulose dry weight consists of sugar, it is present in a polymerized state and cannot be used directly in most fermentation processes for the production of chemicals and fuels. Several methods have been developed to depolymerize the sugars present in lignocellulose, making the sugars available for fermentation. In this review, we describe five different pretreatment methods and their effect on the sugar and non-sugar fraction of lignocellulose. For several pretreatment methods and different types of lignocellulosic biomass, an overview is given of by-products formed. Most unwanted by-products present after pretreatment are dehydrated sugar monomers (furans), degraded lignin polymers (phenols) and small organic acids. Qualitative and quantitative effects of these by-products on fermentation processes have been studied. We conclude this review by giving an overview of techniques and methods to decrease inhibitory effects of unwanted by-products.
木质纤维素可能成为未来生物基经济发展的重要原料。尽管木质纤维素的干重高达 75%由糖组成，但它是以聚合状态存在的，不能直接用于大多数用于生产化学品和燃料的发酵过程。已经开发了几种方法来解聚木质纤维素中存在的糖，使糖可用于发酵。在本综述中，我们描述了五种不同的预处理方法及其对木质纤维素的糖和非糖部分的影响。对于几种预处理方法和不同类型的木质纤维素生物质，概述了形成的副产物。预处理后存在的大多数不需要的副产物是脱水糖单体（呋喃）、降解的木质素聚合物（酚）和小分子有机酸。研究了这些副产物对发酵过程的定性和定量影响。最后，我们概述了降低不需要的副产物抑制作用的技术和方法。
