AVT-Aachener Verfahrenstechnik, Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Biotechnol J. 2012 Sep;7(9):1122-36. doi: 10.1002/biot.201200033. Epub 2012 Jul 25.
Naturally occurring lignocellulose can be used as a renewable resource for the sustainable production of platform chemicals that can in turn be converted to valuable fine chemicals, polymers, and fuels. The biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose is a very promising approach due to its high selectivity, mild conditions, and low exergy loss. However, such biocatalytic processes are still seldom applied at the industrial scale since the single conversion steps (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation) may exhibit low conversion rates, low efficiencies, or high costs. The biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose to platform chemicals is reviewed in this work. Structures and production rates of lignocellulose are described, and platform chemicals that may be produced from lignocellulose are summarized. Biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose is distinguished from conventional non-selective approaches. All essential conversion steps used in biocatalytic approaches (pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation) are reviewed in detail. Finally, potential interactions between these conversion steps are highlighted and the advantages as well as disadvantages of integrated process configurations are elucidated. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the biocatalytic conversion of lignocellulose is provided in this review.
天然存在的木质纤维素可以作为可再生资源，用于可持续生产平台化学品，而这些平台化学品又可以转化为有价值的精细化学品、聚合物和燃料。由于其高选择性、温和的条件和低外能损失，生物催化转化木质纤维素是一种很有前途的方法。然而，由于单个转化步骤（预处理、水解和发酵）可能表现出低转化率、低效率或高成本，因此这种生物催化工艺仍然很少应用于工业规模。在这项工作中，综述了木质纤维素到平台化学品的生物催化转化。描述了木质纤维素的结构和产率，并总结了可能从木质纤维素生产的平台化学品。生物催化转化木质纤维素有别于传统的非选择性方法。详细回顾了生物催化方法中使用的所有必要转化步骤（预处理、水解和发酵）。最后，强调了这些转化步骤之间的潜在相互作用，并阐明了集成工艺配置的优点和缺点。总之，本文综述提供了对木质纤维素生物催化转化的全面理解。
