Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California , 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, California 92507, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Dec 2;48(23):14016-24. doi: 10.1021/es5034316. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
This study investigated the effects of higher ethanol blends and an isobutanol blend on the criteria emissions, fuel economy, gaseous toxic pollutants, and particulate emissions from two flexible-fuel vehicles equipped with spark ignition engines, with one wall-guided direct injection and one port fuel injection configuration. Both vehicles were tested over triplicate Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and Unified Cycles (UC) using a chassis dynamometer. Emissions of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) showed some statistically significant reductions with higher alcohol fuels, while total hydrocarbons (THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) did not show strong fuel effects. Acetaldehyde emissions exhibited sharp increases with higher ethanol blends for both vehicles, whereas butyraldehyde emissions showed higher emissions for the butanol blend relative to the ethanol blends at a statistically significant level. Particulate matter (PM) mass, number, and soot mass emissions showed strong reductions with increasing alcohol content in gasoline. Particulate emissions were found to be clearly influenced by certain fuel parameters including oxygen content, hydrogen content, and aromatics content.
本研究调查了高乙醇混合燃料和异丁醇混合燃料对配备火花点火发动机的两辆灵活燃料车的基准排放、燃油经济性、气态有毒污染物和颗粒物排放的影响，其中一辆采用壁导直接喷射，另一辆采用端口燃油喷射配置。两辆车均在底盘测功机上使用联邦测试程序（FTP）和统一循环（UC）进行了三次重复测试。非甲烷烃（NMHC）和一氧化碳（CO）的排放显示，高醇燃料具有一些统计学上显著的减少，而总烃（THC）和氮氧化物（NOx）没有表现出强烈的燃料效应。对于这两辆车，随着乙醇混合燃料的增加，乙醛排放急剧增加，而丁醛排放相对于乙醇混合燃料在统计学上表现出更高的排放水平。颗粒物（PM）质量、数量和烟炱质量排放随着汽油中酒精含量的增加而明显减少。发现颗粒物排放明显受到某些燃料参数的影响，包括含氧量、含氢量和芳烃含量。
