Crocetta Fabio, Marino Rita, Cirino Paola, Macina Alberto, Staiano Leopoldo, Esposito Rosaria, Pezzotti Maria Rosa, Racioppi Claudia, Toscano Francesco, De Felice Elena, Locascio Annamaria, Ristoratore Filomena, Spagnuolo Antonietta, Zanetti Laura, Branno Margherita, Sordino Paolo
Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.
Genesis. 2015 Jan;53(1):160-9. doi: 10.1002/dvg.22837. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
Historically, mutations have had a significant impact on the study of developmental processes and phenotypic evolution. Lesions in DNA are created by artificial methods or detected by natural genetic variation. Random mutations are then ascribed to genetic change by direct sequencing or positional cloning. Tunicate species of the ascidian genus Ciona represent nearly fully realized model systems in which gene function can be investigated in depth. Additionally, tunicates are valuable organisms for the study of naturally occurring mutations due to the capability to exploit genetic variation down to the molecular level. Here, we summarize the available information about how mutations are studied in ascidians with examples of insights that have resulted from these applications. We also describe notions and methodologies that might be useful for the implementation of easy and tight procedures for mutations studies in Ciona.
从历史上看，突变对发育过程和表型进化的研究产生了重大影响。DNA损伤可通过人工方法产生或通过自然遗传变异检测到。然后通过直接测序或定位克隆将随机突变归因于基因变化。海鞘纲的被囊动物物种代表了几乎完全成熟的模型系统，在其中可以深入研究基因功能。此外，由于能够在分子水平上利用遗传变异，被囊动物是研究自然发生突变的有价值的生物体。在这里，我们通过这些应用所产生的见解示例，总结了有关在被囊动物中研究突变的现有信息。我们还描述了可能有助于在海鞘中实施简便且严格的突变研究程序的概念和方法。
