性别与改变饮酒行为的社会压力：1984年至2010年全国酒精调查结果
Gender and Social Pressure to Change Drinking Behavior: Results from the National Alcohol Surveys from 1984-2010.
作者信息
Polcin Douglas L, Korcha Rachael A, Kerr William C, Greenfield Thomas K, Bond Jason
机构信息
Alcohol Research Group, 6475 Christie Ave. #400, Emeryville, CA 94608, 510-597-3440.
出版信息
Addict Res Theory. 2014;22(6):481-489. doi: 10.3109/16066359.2013.877455.
OBJECTIVE
Research shows social and institutional pressure influences drinking, yet determinants of who receives pressure are understudied. This paper examines age, time period, and birth cohort (APC) effects on pressure to stop or reduce drinking among U.S. men and women.
METHODS
Data were drawn from six National Alcohol Surveys (NAS) conducted from 1984 to 2010 (N=32,534). Receipt of pressure during the past year to quit or change drinking from formal (police, doctor, work) and informal (spouse, family, friends) sources was assessed.
RESULTS
Determinants of pressure were similar for men and women but varied in strength. They included younger age, less education, and younger cohort groups. Cohort effects were stronger for women than men.
CONCLUSIONS
Cohort effects among women may be due to increased alcohol marketing to younger women and the changing social contexts of their drinking. Future studies should assess associations between drinking contexts, pressures, and outcomes.
目的
研究表明社会和制度压力会影响饮酒行为，但对于哪些人会受到压力的决定因素却研究不足。本文探讨年龄、时间段和出生队列（APC）对美国男性和女性戒酒或减少饮酒压力的影响。
方法
数据取自1984年至2010年进行的六项全国酒精调查（NAS）（N = 32,534）。评估过去一年中来自正式（警察、医生、工作单位）和非正式（配偶、家人、朋友）来源的戒酒或改变饮酒行为的压力。
结果
男性和女性受到压力的决定因素相似，但强度有所不同。这些因素包括年龄较小、教育程度较低以及较年轻的队列组。女性队列效应比男性更强。
结论
女性中的队列效应可能是由于针对年轻女性的酒精营销增加以及她们饮酒的社会环境变化。未来的研究应评估饮酒环境、压力和结果之间的关联。
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