Davids Jeffrey C, Mehl Steffen W
Davids Engineering, 3881 Benatar Way, Suite G, Chico, CA 95928.
CSU Chico, Department of Civil Engineering, 400 W 1st Street, Chico, CA 95929.
Ground Water. 2015 Nov-Dec;53(6):851-8. doi: 10.1111/gwat.12297. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Most surface water bodies (i.e., streams, lakes, etc.) are connected to the groundwater system to some degree so that changes to surface water bodies (either diversions or importations) can change flows in aquifer systems, and pumping from an aquifer can reduce discharge to, or induce additional recharge from streams, springs, and lakes. The timescales of these interactions are often very long (decades), making sustainable management of these systems difficult if relying only on observations of system responses. Instead, management scenarios are often analyzed based on numerical modeling. In this paper we propose a framework and metrics that can be used to relate the Theis concepts of capture to sustainable measures of stream-aquifer systems. We introduce four concepts: Sustainable Capture Fractions, Sustainable Capture Thresholds, Capture Efficiency, and Sustainable Groundwater Storage that can be used as the basis for developing metrics for sustainable management of stream-aquifer systems. We demonstrate their utility on a hypothetical stream-aquifer system where pumping captures both streamflow and discharge to phreatophytes at different amounts based on pumping location. In particular, Capture Efficiency (CE) can be easily understood by both scientists and non-scientist alike, and readily identifies vulnerabilities to sustainable stream-aquifer management when its value exceeds 100%.
大多数地表水体（如溪流、湖泊等）在一定程度上与地下水系统相连，因此地表水体的变化（无论是引水还是蓄水）都会改变含水层系统中的水流，而从含水层抽水会减少对溪流、泉水和湖泊的排泄量，或引发额外的补给。这些相互作用的时间尺度通常很长（数十年），如果仅依靠对系统响应的观测，很难对这些系统进行可持续管理。相反，管理方案通常基于数值模拟进行分析。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架和指标，可用于将泰斯（Theis）的袭夺概念与河流 - 含水层系统的可持续措施联系起来。我们引入了四个概念：可持续袭夺分数、可持续袭夺阈值、袭夺效率和可持续地下蓄水，它们可作为制定河流 - 含水层系统可持续管理指标的基础。我们在一个假设的河流 - 含水层系统上展示了它们的实用性，在该系统中，抽水根据抽水位置以不同数量截获河流流量和对深根植物的排泄量。特别是，袭夺效率（CE）对科学家和非科学家来说都很容易理解，当其值超过100%时，能很容易地识别出河流 - 含水层可持续管理的脆弱性。
