Umubyeyi Aline, Mogren Ingrid, Ntaganira Joseph, Krantz Gunilla
BMC Psychiatry. 2014 Nov 18;14:315. doi: 10.1186/s12888-014-0315-7.
In low income countries, mental disorders are a neglected health problem. Mental disorders are influenced by a number of factors in people's everyday life of which intimate partner violence (IPV) commonly form an important part. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in young men and women in Rwanda and their risk factors with main emphasis on IPV and its contribution to mental disorders, taking into account the genocide context.
This population-based study included a representative sample of 917 men and women aged 20-35 years. The prevalence of mental disorders was investigated using of a diagnostic tool, the "MINI: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview". Risk factor patterns were analysed with bi- and multivariate logistic regression. To find the proportion of mental disorders attributed to IPV, the population attributable fraction was computed.
The prevalence rates of current depression, suicide risk and PTSD were more than two times higher in women than in men while for generalized anxiety disorder, the prevalence was about the same. Physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence exposure was highly associated with all forms of mental disorders for women. For physical violence, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors and exposure to traumatic episodes during the Rwandan genocide, the risk of current depression for women was elevated four times. Even though few men reported partner violence exposure, physical violence in the past year was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for current depression and for generalized anxiety disorder. However, having an experience of traumatic episodes during the genocide contributed to the risk of most of mental disorders investigated for men.
In Rwanda, IPV contributed considerably to mental disorders investigated. Thus, prevention of IPV should be considered as a public health priority, as its prevention would considerably reduce the prevalence of mental disorders.
在低收入国家，精神障碍是一个被忽视的健康问题。精神障碍受到人们日常生活中多种因素的影响，其中亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）通常是重要组成部分。本研究的目的是调查卢旺达青年男性和女性精神障碍的患病率及其危险因素，主要关注亲密伴侣暴力及其对精神障碍的影响，并考虑种族灭绝的背景。
这项基于人群的研究纳入了917名年龄在20 - 35岁的男性和女性的代表性样本。使用诊断工具“MINI：迷你国际神经精神访谈”调查精神障碍的患病率。通过双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析危险因素模式。为了确定归因于亲密伴侣暴力的精神障碍比例，计算人群归因分数。
当前抑郁症、自杀风险和创伤后应激障碍的患病率女性比男性高出两倍多，而广泛性焦虑障碍的患病率大致相同。女性遭受身体、性和心理方面的亲密伴侣暴力与所有形式的精神障碍高度相关。对于身体暴力，在调整社会人口学因素和卢旺达种族灭绝期间遭受创伤事件的暴露情况后，女性当前患抑郁症的风险升高了四倍。尽管很少有男性报告遭受伴侣暴力，但过去一年的身体暴力被发现是当前抑郁症和广泛性焦虑障碍的统计学显著危险因素。然而，在种族灭绝期间有过创伤经历增加了男性所调查的大多数精神障碍的风险。
在卢旺达，亲密伴侣暴力对所调查的精神障碍有很大影响。因此，预防亲密伴侣暴力应被视为公共卫生优先事项，因为其预防将大大降低精神障碍的患病率。
