Shires Peter M, Chow Gabriel
Department of Paediatric Neurology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015 Apr;57(4):339-43. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12636. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Trismus is a rare presentation affecting neonates, children, and adults. In newborns there are serious implications, with potential to affect feeding, cause airway problems, and make intubation difficult. Causes of trismus seen in the paediatric patient are discussed in this review article; they are divided into intra- and extra-articular types. The extra-articular group consists of congenital and acquired disorders. The acquired group includes infective causes such as tetanus, iatrogenic causes related to drugs, cancer or dental treatment, and trauma causing articulation difficulty or triggering a rare type of bone growth in myositis ossificans. Changes in the mouth resulting from oral submucous fibrosis can undergo malignant transformation. This review aims to raise awareness of potential causes of trismus in paediatric populations, helping clinicians identify the underlying pathology so appropriate strategies for treatment be applied, with the ultimate aim of improving long-term outlook and quality of life for affected children.
牙关紧闭是一种罕见的症状，可影响新生儿、儿童和成人。在新生儿中，这会产生严重影响，有可能影响喂养、导致气道问题并使插管困难。本文综述了儿科患者中牙关紧闭的病因；这些病因分为关节内型和关节外型。关节外型包括先天性和后天性疾病。后天性病因包括感染性病因，如破伤风，与药物、癌症或牙科治疗相关的医源性病因，以及导致关节活动困难或引发骨化性肌炎中一种罕见骨生长类型的创伤。口腔黏膜下纤维化导致的口腔变化可能会发生恶变。本综述旨在提高对儿科人群牙关紧闭潜在病因的认识，帮助临床医生识别潜在病理，以便应用适当的治疗策略，最终目标是改善患病儿童的长期预后和生活质量。
