Samal Alok C, Bhattacharya Piyal, Mallick Anusaya, Ali Md Motakabber, Pyne Jagadish, Santra Subhas C
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Apr;22(8):6220-9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3817-4. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
To assess the status of severity of fluoride contamination in lateritic Bankura and Purulia districts of West Bengal, concentrations of fluoride in different water sources and agricultural field soils were investigated. The fluoride content (mg/l) was observed to differ with aquifer depths: 0.19-0.47 in dug wells, 0.01-0.17 in shallow tube wells, and 0.07-1.6 in deep tube wells. Fluoride within the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed range (1.0-1.5 mg/l) was estimated only in ~17% of the total collected water samples while ~67% showed <0.7 mg/l fluoride and thus may impede in the production and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones of the residents, especially children. Fluoride in water was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.63) with pH. The exposure dose of fluoride (mg/kg/day) from drinking water in infants, children, and adults was estimated in the ranges 0.02-0.53, 0.01-0.24, and 0.01-0.14, respectively against the standard value of 0.05. A clear risk of dental fluorosis is apparent in infants and children of the study area. The fluoride in soil (55-399 mg/kg) was detected to be significantly correlated with the fluoride content in deep tube wells and soil pH (r = 0.56 and 0.71, respectively). The relationships of soil fluoride with total hardness and that with phosphate were not significant. There is a high possibility of bioaccumulation of fluoride from contaminated soil and water of the study area to cultivated crops. This will enhance the quantity of fluoride intake into human food chain in addition to drinking water pathway.
为评估西孟加拉邦班库拉红土地区和普鲁利亚地区氟污染的严重程度，对不同水源和农田土壤中的氟浓度进行了调查。观察到氟含量（毫克/升）因含水层深度而异：浅井中为0.19 - 0.47，浅管井中为0.01 - 0.17，深管井中为0.07 - 1.6。仅在约17%的总采集水样中估计氟含量在世界卫生组织（WHO）规定的范围（1.0 - 1.5毫克/升）内，而约67%的水样氟含量<0.7毫克/升，因此可能会妨碍居民尤其是儿童健康牙齿和骨骼的生成与维持。发现水中的氟与pH值显著相关（r = 0.63）。婴儿、儿童和成人通过饮用水摄入氟的暴露剂量（毫克/千克/天）估计分别在0.02 - 0.53、0.01 - 0.24和0.01 - 0.14范围内，而标准值为0.05。研究区域的婴儿和儿童明显存在氟斑牙风险。检测到土壤中的氟（55 - 399毫克/千克）与深管井中的氟含量和土壤pH值显著相关（分别为r = 0.56和0.71）。土壤氟与总硬度以及与磷酸盐之间的关系不显著。研究区域受污染的土壤和水中的氟有很高的生物累积到种植作物中的可能性。这除了通过饮用水途径外，还将增加进入人类食物链的氟摄入量。
