Sankararamakrishnan Nalini, Sharma Ajit Kumar, Iyengar Leela
Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing, 302 Southern Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P., 208016, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Nov;146(1-3):375-82. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-0085-5. Epub 2007 Dec 13.
Nitrate-N and Fluoride concentrations were analyzed in shallow and unconfined ground water aquifers of Kanpur district along the Ganges Alluvial Plain of Northern India. Kanpur district was divided into three zones namely, Bithore, Kanpur City and Beyond Jajmau and sampling was carried out three seasons (summer, monsoon and winter). The data set consisted of the results of water samples from around 99 India Mark II hand Pumps, which were analyzed for summer monsoon and winter seasons. In Bithore zone, 19% of the samples exceeded the BIS (Bureau of India Standards) limit 10.2 mg/l as nitrate-N and as high as 166 mg/l as nitrate-N was observed. 10% and 7% samples in Kanpur city and beyond Jajmau zone respectively, exceeded the BIS limit. The Frequency distribution histogram of nitrate-N revealed a skewed (non-normal) distribution. Both point and non-point sources contribute to the ground water contamination. Especially in Bithore zone, the point sources could be attributed to the animal wastes derived from cows and buffaloes and non point sources could be due to the extensive agricultural activity prevalent in that area. Fluoride concentration in most samples was within the BIS maximum permissible level of 1.5 mg/l. No significant seasonal variation in water quality parameters was observed.
对印度北部恒河冲积平原坎普尔地区浅层无压地下水含水层中的硝酸盐氮和氟化物浓度进行了分析。坎普尔地区分为三个区域，即比托雷、坎普尔市和贾伊莫乌以外地区，并在三个季节（夏季、季风季和冬季）进行了采样。数据集包括来自约99台印度二号手动泵周围水样的结果，这些水样在夏季季风季和冬季进行了分析。在比托雷区，19%的样本超过了印度标准局（BIS）规定的10.2毫克/升硝酸盐氮的限值，观察到的硝酸盐氮含量高达166毫克/升。坎普尔市和贾伊莫乌以外地区分别有10%和7%的样本超过了BIS限值。硝酸盐氮的频率分布直方图显示为偏态（非正态）分布。点源和面源都对地下水污染有影响。特别是在比托雷区，点源可归因于奶牛和水牛产生的动物粪便，面源可能是由于该地区普遍存在的广泛农业活动。大多数样本中的氟化物浓度在BIS规定的1.5毫克/升的最大允许水平内。未观察到水质参数有明显的季节性变化。
