Hill John H, Whitham Steven A
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Adv Virus Res. 2014;90:355-90. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801246-8.00007-X.
Soybean, one of the world's most important sources of animal feed and vegetable oil, can be infected by numerous viruses. However, only a small number of the viruses that can potentially infect soybean are considered as major economic problems to soybean production. Therefore, we consider management options available to control diseases caused by eight viruses that cause, or have the potential to cause, significant economic loss to producers. We summarize management tactics in use and suggest direction for the future. Clearly, the most important tactic is disease resistance. Several resistance genes are available for three of the eight viruses discussed. Other options include use of virus-free seed and avoidance of alternative virus hosts when planting. Attempts at arthropod vector control have generally not provided consistent disease management. In the future, disease management will be considerably enhanced by knowledge of the interaction between soybean and viral proteins. Identification of genes required for soybean defense may represent key regulatory hubs that will enhance or broaden the spectrum of basal resistance to viruses. It may be possible to create new recessive or dominant negative alleles of host proteins that do not support viral functions but perform normal cellular function. The future approach to virus control based on gene editing or exploiting allelic diversity points to necessary research into soybean-virus interactions. This will help to generate the knowledge needed for rational design of durable resistance that will maximize global production.
大豆是世界上最重要的动物饲料和植物油来源之一，会受到多种病毒的感染。然而，在可能感染大豆的病毒中，只有少数几种被视为对大豆生产具有重大经济影响的问题。因此，我们探讨了可用于控制由八种病毒引起的病害的管理方法，这些病毒已经或有可能给生产者造成重大经济损失。我们总结了目前使用的管理策略，并为未来提出了方向。显然，最重要的策略是抗病性。针对所讨论的八种病毒中的三种，已有几种抗性基因。其他选择包括使用无病毒种子以及在种植时避免选择替代病毒宿主。控制节肢动物传播媒介的尝试通常未能提供持续一致的病害管理效果。未来，通过了解大豆与病毒蛋白之间的相互作用，病害管理将得到显著加强。鉴定大豆防御所需的基因可能代表关键的调控枢纽，这将增强或拓宽对病毒的基础抗性谱。有可能创造出宿主蛋白的新隐性或显性负等位基因，这些基因不支持病毒功能，但能执行正常的细胞功能。未来基于基因编辑或利用等位基因多样性的病毒控制方法，指出了对大豆 - 病毒相互作用进行必要研究的方向。这将有助于产生合理设计持久抗性所需的知识，从而使全球产量最大化。
