Balmford James, Leifert Jens A, Jaehne Andreas
Präventionsteam (PT), Tumorzentrum Freiburg, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hugstetter Str, 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Nov 19;14:1182. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1182.
The provision of tobacco dependence treatment in health care settings, particularly in countries lacking a history of strong tobacco control policy implementation, is limited by continued misconceptions on the part of health professionals and decision-makers regarding its worth and efficacy. In this paper, we rebut 9 arguments against the provision of tobacco dependence treatment that we have encountered in our experiences implementing and maintaining a dedicated smoking cessation service at a large university hospital in southern Germany.
Broadly, the arguments relate to the nature of addiction, the efficacy and safety of stop-smoking medication and behavioural support, and the benefits and challenges of quitting. They include: (a) If smokers really want to quit, they will be able to do it alone (without help); (b) You can't forbid patients from doing what they want; (c) Patients will be upset if you talk to them about their smoking; (d) Stop-smoking medication has side effects that are more dangerous than smoking; (e) You have to be well trained to help smokers to quit (otherwise you can do more harm than good); (f) If you smoke yourself, you lack credibility; (g) If you have cancer, it is too late to quit; (h) Nicotine withdrawal is dangerous for heavy smokers; and (i) Smokers die earlier, thus reducing costs to the health system.
It is hoped that the counter-arguments presented here arm tobacco control advocates and practitioners working in health care settings, particularly in countries which have not prioritised tobacco control, to respond appropriately and convincingly to those opposed to the provision of tobacco dependence treatment.
在卫生保健机构中提供烟草依赖治疗存在局限,尤其是在缺乏强有力烟草控制政策实施历史的国家,这是由于卫生专业人员和决策者对其价值和疗效仍存在误解。在本文中,我们反驳了在德国南部一家大型大学医院实施和维持专门戒烟服务的过程中遇到的9条反对提供烟草依赖治疗的观点。
总体而言,这些观点涉及成瘾的本质、戒烟药物及行为支持的疗效与安全性,以及戒烟的益处和挑战。它们包括:(a) 如果吸烟者真的想戒烟,他们自己就能做到(无需帮助);(b) 不能禁止患者做他们想做的事;(c) 如果与患者谈论他们的吸烟问题,他们会不高兴;(d) 戒烟药物的副作用比吸烟更危险;(e) 必须经过良好培训才能帮助吸烟者戒烟(否则弊大于利);(f) 如果你自己吸烟,就缺乏可信度;(g) 如果患了癌症,戒烟就太晚了;(h) 重度吸烟者的尼古丁戒断很危险;以及(i) 吸烟者早死,从而降低了卫生系统的成本。
希望本文提出的反驳观点能武装在卫生保健机构工作的烟草控制倡导者和从业者,尤其是在那些未将烟草控制列为优先事项的国家,使他们能够对反对提供烟草依赖治疗的人做出恰当且有说服力的回应。