Tyms A S, Taylor D L, Parkin J M
Department of Medical Microbiology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Paddington, London, UK.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1989 Jan;23 Suppl A:89-105. doi: 10.1093/jac/23.suppl_a.89.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is complex in nature with one major aetiological factor but with numerous other agents exploiting the immune incompetence. Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) form a little-defined group of viruses which naturally persist in man and respond readily to the relaxation in immune surveillance. A role for CMV and other herpesviruses in potentiating the underlying infection with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) cannot be totally excluded but CMV is well established as a major opportunist in AIDS. They are considered responsible for a range of diseases in AIDS patients including retinitis, gastrointestinal disease, pneumonitis and, less frequently, encephalitis. The pyrophosphate analogue foscarnet (phosphonoformate) and the deoxyguanosine analogue ganciclovir have both been used to treat CMV infections in AIDS patients. Results of uncontrolled studies have indicated efficacy with both drugs but the work with ganciclovir is particularly encouraging. This communication provides a review of CMV infections in AIDS patients with special reference to the experiences to-date in the use of ganciclovir and foscarnet.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）本质复杂，有一个主要病因，但有许多其他病原体利用免疫功能不全。巨细胞病毒（CMV）构成一组定义不太明确的病毒，它们自然存在于人体内，并且在免疫监视放松时容易活跃起来。CMV和其他疱疹病毒在增强人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）潜在感染方面的作用不能完全排除，但CMV已被确认为艾滋病中的主要机会性致病原。它们被认为是导致艾滋病患者一系列疾病的原因，包括视网膜炎、胃肠道疾病、肺炎，较少见的还有脑炎。焦磷酸盐类似物膦甲酸钠和脱氧鸟苷类似物更昔洛韦都已用于治疗艾滋病患者的CMV感染。非对照研究结果表明这两种药物都有效，但更昔洛韦的治疗效果尤其令人鼓舞。本文综述了艾滋病患者的CMV感染情况，并特别提及了迄今为止使用更昔洛韦和膦甲酸钠的经验。
