Jiao Jingjing, Li Qingqing, Chu Jingjing, Zeng Weijiang, Yang Min, Zhu Shankuan
From the Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Dec;100(6):1422-36. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.095315. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
n-3 PUFAs play an important role in cognitive function.
The objective was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplements on cognitive development, function, and decline throughout the life span.
The study included randomized controlled trials and provided ≥3 mo of treatment. Potential studies were independently screened in duplicate, and study characteristics and outcomes were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed by using fixed- or random-effects models. The results are presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs.
Of the 3692 citations retrieved, 34 studies of a total of 12,999 participants (1031 infants, 1517 children, 3657 adults, and 6794 elderly individuals) were included. Compared with placebo, n-3 PUFA supplements significantly improved cognitive development in infants, including the Mental Development Index (SMD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.52), the Psychomotor Development Index (0.27; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.45), and language (0.27; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.42), motor (0.29; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.43), and cognitive (0.31; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.45) abilities. However, n-3 PUFAs did not promote cognitive function in terms of composite memory, executive function, and processing speed domains in children, adults, or the elderly, except for the attention domain. No association was found between n-3 PUFA intake and improvements in cognitive performance in terms of recognition, immediate and delayed word recall, digit span backward and forward tests, rapid visual information processing, verbal fluency, and simple and choice reaction times. In addition, n-3 PUFA supplements were not associated with improvements in cognitive decline or with any effects on Alzheimer disease in elderly people.
n-3 PUFA supplements may significantly improve cognitive development in infants but do not improve cognitive performance in children, adults, or the elderly. n-3 PUFA intake, especially that of DHA supplements, may benefit cognitive development during infancy.
n-3多不饱和脂肪酸在认知功能中发挥重要作用。
研究n-3多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂对整个生命周期认知发育、功能及衰退的影响。
该研究纳入随机对照试验，治疗时间≥3个月。潜在研究由两人独立重复筛选，并提取研究特征和结果。采用固定效应或随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。结果以标准化均数差（SMD）及95%可信区间（CI）表示。
在检索到的3692篇文献中，纳入了34项研究，共12999名参与者（1031名婴儿、1517名儿童、3657名成年人和6794名老年人）。与安慰剂相比，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂显著改善了婴儿的认知发育，包括智力发育指数（SMD：0.33；95%CI：0.15，0.52）、心理运动发育指数（0.27；95%CI：0.09，0.45）以及语言（0.27；95%CI：0.13，0.42）、运动（0.29；95%CI：0.14，0.43）和认知（0.31；95%CI：0.16，0.45）能力。然而，除注意力领域外，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸在儿童、成年人或老年人的综合记忆、执行功能和处理速度领域并未促进认知功能。在识别、即时和延迟单词回忆、数字广度顺背和倒背测试、快速视觉信息处理、语言流畅性以及简单和选择反应时间方面，未发现n-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量与认知表现改善之间存在关联。此外，n-3多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂与认知衰退改善无关，对老年人的阿尔茨海默病也无任何影响。
n-3多不饱和脂肪酸补充剂可能显著改善婴儿的认知发育，但对儿童、成年人或老年人的认知表现无改善作用。摄入n-3多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是DHA补充剂，可能有益于婴儿期的认知发育。
