Li Xiaolan, Jiang Fengqing, Wang Shaoping, Turdi Muyesser, Zhang Zhaoyong
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Jan;187(1):4144. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4144-4. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
The purpose of this work is to characterize trace elements in snow in urban-suburb gradient over Urumqi city, China. The spatial distribution patterns of 11 trace metals in insoluble particulate matters of snow were revealed by using 102 snow samples collected in and around urban areas of Urumqi, a city suffering from severe wintertime air pollution in China. Similar spatial distribution for Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb was found and their two significant high-value areas located in the west and east, respectively, and a high-value area in the south, which were correlated with factory emissions, traffic activities, and construction fugitive dust. The high-value areas of Cr, Ni, and V occurred in the northeast corner and along main traffic paths, which were linked to oil refinery and vehicular emissions. High value of Be presented in the west of the city. The high-value area of Co in the northeast could be related to local soil. Cd and U displayed relatively even spatial patterns in the urban area. In view of distance from the urban center, e.g., from the first circular belt to the fourth circular belt, except Be, V, Cd, and U, the contents of other metals generally decreased from the first circular belt to the forth circular belt, implying the effect of human activity clearly. Additionally, prevailing northwesterly winds and occasionally southeasterly winds in winter were associated with decreased, generally, concentrations of trace metal in snow from the urban center to the southern suburb along a northwest and southeast transect. The information on concentrations and spatial distributions of these metals in insoluble particles of snow in winter will be valuable for further environmental protection and planning.
这项工作的目的是对中国乌鲁木齐市城郊梯度积雪中的微量元素进行表征。通过采集乌鲁木齐市城区及周边的102份雪样，揭示了雪中不溶性颗粒物中11种痕量金属的空间分布模式。乌鲁木齐市是中国冬季空气污染严重的城市。研究发现，锰、铜、锌、镍和铅具有相似的空间分布，它们的两个显著高值区分别位于西部和东部，南部还有一个高值区，这与工厂排放、交通活动和建筑扬尘有关。铬、镍和钒的高值区出现在东北角和主要交通干道沿线，这与炼油厂和车辆排放有关。铍的高值出现在城市西部。东北部钴的高值区可能与当地土壤有关。镉和铀在城区呈现相对均匀的空间分布模式。从城市中心到第四环形带，例如从第一环形带到第四环形带，除铍、钒、镉和铀外，其他金属的含量总体上从第一环形带向第四环形带降低，这清楚地表明了人类活动的影响。此外，冬季盛行的西北风以及偶尔的东南风导致沿西北和东南横断面从城市中心到南郊雪中痕量金属浓度总体下降。冬季雪中不溶性颗粒物中这些金属的浓度和空间分布信息对于进一步的环境保护和规划具有重要价值。
