Daubert Diane M, Weinstein Bradley F, Bordin Sandra, Leroux Brian G, Flemming Thomas F
Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
J Periodontol. 2015 Mar;86(3):337-47. doi: 10.1902/jop.2014.140438. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
Long-term studies worldwide indicate that peri-implant inflammation is a frequent finding and that the prevalence of peri-implantitis correlates with loading time. Implant loss, although less frequent, has serious oral health and economic consequences. An understanding of predictive factors for peri-implant disease and implant loss would help providers and patients make informed decisions.
A cross-sectional study was performed on 96 patients with 225 implants that were placed between 1998 and 2003. Implant placement data were collected from patient records, and patients presented for a clinical and radiographic follow-up examination. Implant status and periodontal status were determined, the data were analyzed to determine the prevalence of peri-implant disease or implant loss, and a predictive model was tested.
The mean follow-up time for the patients was 10.9 years. The implant survival rate was 91.6%. Peri-implant mucositis was found in 33% of the implants and 48% of the patients, and peri-implantitis occurred in 16% of the implants and 26% of the patients. Individuals with peri-implantitis were twice as likely to report a problem with an implant as individuals with healthy implants. Peri-implantitis is associated with younger ages and diabetes at the time of placement and with periodontal status at the time of follow-up. Implant loss is associated with diabetes, immediate placement, and larger-diameter implants.
One in four patients and one in six implants have peri-implantitis after 11 years. The data suggest that periodontal and diabetes status of the patient may be useful for predicting implant outcomes.
全球范围内的长期研究表明，种植体周围炎症是常见现象，且种植体周炎的患病率与种植体加载时间相关。种植体脱落虽不常见，但会产生严重的口腔健康问题和经济后果。了解种植体周围疾病和种植体脱落的预测因素将有助于医疗服务提供者和患者做出明智的决策。
对1998年至2003年间植入225颗种植体的96例患者进行了一项横断面研究。从患者记录中收集种植体植入数据，患者接受临床和影像学随访检查。确定种植体状态和牙周状态，分析数据以确定种植体周围疾病或种植体脱落的患病率，并测试一个预测模型。
患者的平均随访时间为10.9年。种植体存活率为91.6%。33%的种植体和48%的患者存在种植体周围黏膜炎，16%的种植体和26%的患者发生种植体周炎。种植体周炎患者报告种植体问题的可能性是健康种植体患者的两倍。种植体周炎与植入时年龄较小、患有糖尿病以及随访时的牙周状态有关。种植体脱落与糖尿病、即刻植入和较大直径的种植体有关。
11年后，四分之一的患者和六分之一的种植体患有种植体周炎。数据表明，患者的牙周和糖尿病状态可能有助于预测种植体的预后。
