Leslie Charles A, Walawage Sriema L, Uratsu Sandra L, McGranahan Gale, Dandekar Abhaya M
Plant Sciences Department, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1224:229-41. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1658-0_19.
Walnut species are important nut and timber producers in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, South America, and North America. Trees can be impacted by Phytophthora, crown gall, nematodes, Armillaria, and cherry leaf roll virus; nuts can be severely damaged by codling moth, husk fly, and Xanthomonas blight. The long generation time of walnuts and an absence of identified natural resistance for most of these problems suggest biotechnological approaches to crop improvement. Described here is a somatic embryo-based transformation protocol that has been used to successfully insert horticulturally useful traits into walnut. Selection is based on the combined use of the selectable neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene and the scorable uidA gene. Transformed embryos can be germinated or micropropagated and rooted for plant production. The method described has been used to establish field trials of mature trees.
核桃品种是欧洲、亚洲、南美洲和北美洲温带地区重要的坚果和木材生产者。树木会受到疫霉属、冠瘿病、线虫、蜜环菌和樱桃卷叶病毒的影响；坚果会受到苹果蠹蛾、核桃果象甲和柑橘溃疡病菌的严重损害。核桃的世代周期长，且针对这些问题大多未发现天然抗性，这表明需要采用生物技术方法来改良作物。本文描述了一种基于体细胞胚胎的转化方案，该方案已成功用于将园艺有用性状导入核桃。选择是基于可选择的新霉素磷酸转移酶（nptII）基因和可计分的uidA基因的联合使用。转化后的胚可以萌发、微繁殖并生根用于植株生产。所描述的方法已用于成年树木的田间试验。
