Bo Luji, Wang Dejian, Li Tianling, Li Yan, Zhang Gang, Wang Can, Zhang Shanqing
Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 May;22(9):6721-31. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3798-3. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured in water, sediments, Ceratophyllum (hornwort), and Bellamya sp. (edible snail) from residential, mixed (industrial and commercial), and agricultural areas with rural rivers in the Taihu Lake region, China. Zn concentrations were the highest, whereas Cd concentrations were the lowest among the six metals in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms. Cd was mainly present in the acid-soluble fraction, Cr in the residual fraction, and Pb in the reducible fraction of sediments. Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms in the three areas followed the order of the mixed area > residential area > agricultural area. Heavy metal concentrations in aquatic organisms were not only related to total metal concentrations in water and sediments but also to metal speciation concentrations in sediments. In addition, the bio-concentration factor (BCF) values of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn for Bellamya sp. were higher than those for Ceratophyllum, whereas the BCF values of Cd and Ni for Bellamya sp. were lower than those for Ceratophyllum. An ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments showed that Cd posed the highest ecological risk to the environment. A health risk assessment showed that consuming Bellamya sp. from the mixed area could cause a potential health risk.
对中国太湖地区农村河流周边居民区、混合区（工业和商业区）及农业区的水、沉积物、金鱼藻（金鱼藻属）和环棱螺（可食用蜗牛）中的重金属（镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌）浓度进行了测定。在水、沉积物和水生生物中的六种金属中，锌浓度最高，而镉浓度最低。镉主要存在于沉积物的酸溶态部分，铬存在于残渣态部分，铅存在于可还原态部分。三个区域水、沉积物和水生生物中的重金属浓度顺序为混合区＞居民区＞农业区。水生生物中的重金属浓度不仅与水和沉积物中的总金属浓度有关，还与沉积物中的金属形态浓度有关。此外，环棱螺对铬、铜、铅和锌的生物富集系数（BCF）值高于金鱼藻，而环棱螺对镉和镍的BCF值低于金鱼藻。沉积物中重金属的生态风险评估表明，镉对环境构成的生态风险最高。健康风险评估表明，食用混合区的环棱螺可能会导致潜在的健康风险。
