Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University and National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu City, Taiwan. Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel de Lardizabal, 4. 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
Rep Prog Phys. 2014 Dec;77(12):124401. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/124401. Epub 2014 Nov 27.
We review recent experimental and theoretical progress on ultracold alkaline-earth Fermi gases with emergent SU(N) symmetry. Emphasis is placed on describing the ground-breaking experimental achievements of recent years. The latter include (1) the cooling to below quantum degeneracy of various isotopes of ytterbium and strontium, (2) the demonstration of optical Feshbach resonances and the optical Stern-Gerlach effect, (3) the realization of a Mott insulator of (173)Yb atoms, (4) the creation of various kinds of Fermi-Bose mixtures and (5) the observation of many-body physics in optical lattice clocks. On the theory side, we survey the zoo of phases that have been predicted for both gases in a trap and loaded into an optical lattice, focusing on two and three dimensional systems. We also discuss some of the challenges that lie ahead for the realization of such phases such as reaching the temperature scale required to observe magnetic and more exotic quantum orders. The challenge of dealing with collisional relaxation of excited electronic levels is also discussed.
我们回顾了最近在具有新兴 SU(N) 对称性的超冷碱性土费米气体方面的实验和理论进展。重点描述了近年来具有开创性的实验成果。后者包括：(1) 将各种 ytterbium 和 strontium 同位素冷却到低于量子简并度；(2) 证明了光 Feshbach 共振和光学 Stern-Gerlach 效应；(3) 实现了 (173)Yb 原子的莫特绝缘体；(4) 创造了各种费米-玻色混合物；(5) 观察到了光学晶格时钟中的多体物理。在理论方面，我们调查了在陷阱中以及加载到光学晶格中两种气体所预测的相的种类繁多，重点是二维和三维系统。我们还讨论了实现这些相所面临的一些挑战，例如达到观察磁性和更奇特量子序所需的温度范围。还讨论了处理激发电子态碰撞弛豫的挑战。
