Vacková Jitka, Veleminsky Milos, Brabcová Iva, Záleská Veronika
Department of Social Work, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Czech Republic.
Department of Clinical and Preclinical Disciplines, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Czech Republic.
Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2014;35 Suppl 1:90-101.
This article discusses methods of examining subjective social status (SSS), which is based on the concept of social determinants of health described by Wilkinson and Marmot in 1998.
SSS research was conducted with Cooperation from the Scientific and Technical Research (COST) program, with financial support from the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. This study is part of a project entitled the "Health and Social Status of Immigrants and Asylum Seekers in the Czech Republic" (registration number OC 10031), which was started in 2010 and concluded in May 2011. The study included 246 respondents of which: 69 (28.1%) had emigrated from Vietnam; 93 (37.8%) from the Ukraine; and 84 (34.1%) from Mongolia. In terms of qualitative strategies, 13 individual immigrants and asylum seekers were personally interviewed. This research was thus conceived as being both quantitative-qualitative, which included the use of the appropriate technical tools (i.e., questionnaires and interviews with select immigrants and asylum seekers). SSS was determined using the Pearson's chi-square test, as well as through correspondence and cluster analyzes. Sign schemes were used to detect select significant relationships in contingency tables. The minimum significance level chosen was α ≤ 0.05.
When examining the SSS of select nationalities, differences were observed in the perception of subjective social status. The correspondence analysis results clearly show that Ukrainians best perceived their social status (within the selected parameters). One measure of subjectively perceived social status related to Czech language proficiency (i.e., one criterion was the comprehension of spoken Czech; e.g., whether the respondent could read or speak Czech, or how they assessed their own Czech proficiency).
The SSS study clearly revealed typical links among select nationalities living in the Czech Republic, and highlighted risks related to the degree of integration (and its relationship to social exclusion). This study served as a pilot project for follow-up research conducted by the second COST project entitled: "Social Determinants of Health and their Impact on the Health of Immigrants Living in the Czech Republic" (registration number LD 13044 COST). The follow-up study included 1 000 respondents of Slovak, Vietnamese, Ukrainian, Russian and Polish nationality and is currently underway at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Republic. The methodological tools used were taken from the COST pilot project (which is the topic of this article) and were adjusted as needed (i.e., both objective and subjective criteria were used for examining social status).
本文讨论了主观社会地位（SSS）的研究方法，该方法基于威尔金森和马尔莫特在1998年所描述的健康的社会决定因素概念。
主观社会地位研究是在科学技术研究（COST）计划的合作下进行的，由捷克教育、青年和体育部提供资金支持。本研究是名为“捷克共和国移民和寻求庇护者的健康与社会地位”项目（注册号OC 10031）的一部分，该项目于2010年启动，2011年5月结束。该研究包括246名受访者，其中：69人（28.1%）来自越南；93人（37.8%）来自乌克兰；84人（34.1%）来自蒙古。在定性策略方面，对13名移民和寻求庇护者进行了个人访谈。因此，本研究被构思为兼具定量和定性研究，其中包括使用适当的技术工具（即问卷以及对部分移民和寻求庇护者的访谈）。主观社会地位通过皮尔逊卡方检验以及对应分析和聚类分析来确定。符号方案用于检测列联表中的特定显著关系。选择的最小显著性水平为α≤0.05。
在研究特定国籍人群的主观社会地位时，观察到了在主观社会地位认知方面的差异。对应分析结果清楚地表明，乌克兰人对自己社会地位的认知最佳（在所选定的参数范围内）。主观社会地位的一个衡量标准与捷克语熟练程度相关（即一个标准是对捷克语口语的理解；例如，受访者是否能读或说捷克语，或者他们如何评估自己的捷克语熟练程度）。
主观社会地位研究清楚地揭示了居住在捷克共和国的特定国籍人群之间的典型联系，并突出了与融合程度相关的风险（及其与社会排斥的关系）。本研究是第二个COST项目后续研究的试点项目，该项目名为：“健康的社会决定因素及其对居住在捷克共和国的移民健康的影响”（注册号LD 13044 COST）。后续研究包括1000名斯洛伐克、越南、乌克兰、俄罗斯和波兰国籍的受访者，目前正在捷克共和国南波希米亚大学健康与社会研究学院进行。所使用的方法工具取自COST试点项目（即本文的主题），并根据需要进行了调整（即使用客观和主观标准来研究社会地位）。
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