A missed diagnosis: acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a very rare encephalopathy subtype which is characterized by biphasic seizures and disturbance of consciousness in the acute stage followed in the subacute stage by restricted diffusion in the subcortical white matter and finally resulting in cerebral atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. Although exact pathogenesis of AESD is uncertain, the etiology of AESD has been attributed to viral and bacterial infection. Here we report a case of AESD in a 15-year-old mentally and motor retarded patient, diagnosed based on clinicoradiological correlation.