Gill S S, Roddie M E, Shovlin C L, Jackson J E
Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
NHLI Cardiovascular Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
Clin Radiol. 2015 Jan;70(1):96-110. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.09.003. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and veins, which result in a right-to-left (R-L) shunt with resultant hypoxemia, the severity of which will depend upon the size and number of lesions. Most PAVMs occur in individuals with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and are a cause of serious morbidity and mortality largely related to cerebrovascular complications secondary to paradoxical embolization. The importance of their recognition and treatment by embolization, even in the absence of symptoms, is well known. Their appearances on chest radiographs are often, but not always, characteristic and the CT appearances are diagnostic; however, there are a number of both vascular and non-vascular diseases that can cause confusion. This review serves to highlight these PAVM "mimics".
肺动静脉畸形（PAVM）是肺动脉和静脉之间的异常交通，导致右向左（R-L）分流并引起低氧血症，其严重程度取决于病变的大小和数量。大多数PAVM发生于遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症（HHT）患者，是严重发病和死亡的原因，主要与反常栓塞继发的脑血管并发症有关。即使在无症状的情况下，通过栓塞识别和治疗它们的重要性也是众所周知的。它们在胸部X线片上的表现通常（但并非总是）具有特征性，CT表现具有诊断价值；然而，有许多血管性和非血管性疾病可能会造成混淆。本综述旨在强调这些PAVM“模仿者”。
