Boussuges Alain, Gavarry Olivier, Bessereau Jacques, Coulange Mathieu, Bourc'his Morgan, Rossi Pascal
UMR-MD2, French Armed Biomedical Research Institute, IRBA, Brétigny sur Orge, and Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France (Drs Boussuges, Bessereau, Coulange, and Rossi).
Laboratoire HandiBio-EA 4322, Université du Sud Toulon Var, La Garde, France (Dr Gavarry).
Wilderness Environ Med. 2014 Dec;25(4):466-71. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2014.04.010. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
The glossopharyngeal insufflation maneuver (lung packing) is largely performed by competitive breath-hold divers to improve their performance, despite observational evidence of fainting and loss of consciousness in the first seconds of apnea.
We describe here the time course of hemodynamic changes, induced by breath-holding with and without lung packing, in 2 world-class apnea competitors.
When compared with apnea performed after a deep breath (100% vital capacity), lung packing leads to a decrease in cardiac output, blood pressure, and cerebral blood flow during the first seconds after the beginning of apnea. The major hemodynamic disorders were observed in diver 1, who exhibited the greater increase in pulmonary volume after lung packing (+22% for diver 1 vs +10% for diver 2). After the initial drop in both cardiac output and blood pressure, the time course of hemodynamic alterations became quite similar between the two apneas.
Some recommendations, such as limiting the number of maneuvers and performing lung packing in the supine position, should be expressed to avoid injuries secondary to the use of glossopharyngeal insufflation.
尽管有观察证据表明屏气开始后的最初几秒内会出现昏厥和意识丧失，但竞争性屏气潜水员仍大量采用咽鼓管吹气动作（肺部填充）来提高其表现。
我们在此描述了2名世界级屏气比赛选手在有和没有肺部填充的屏气过程中血流动力学变化的时间进程。
与深呼吸后（肺活量的100%）进行的屏气相比，肺部填充在屏气开始后的最初几秒内会导致心输出量、血压和脑血流量下降。在潜水员1中观察到了主要的血流动力学紊乱，其在肺部填充后肺容积增加幅度更大（潜水员1增加22%，潜水员2增加10%）。在心输出量和血压最初下降之后，两种屏气方式下血流动力学改变的时间进程变得非常相似。
应给出一些建议，如限制动作次数以及在仰卧位进行肺部填充，以避免因使用咽鼓管吹气而导致的继发性损伤。
