Tsuboi Hisanori, Hirai Yoshiyuki, Maezawa Hitoshi, Notani Kenji, Inoue Nobuo, Funahashi Makoto
Department of Gerodontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan; Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
Department of Oral Physiology, Division of Oral Functional Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
Physiol Behav. 2015 Jan;138:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.015. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
Studies have shown that exercise can enhance learning and memory. Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is an avoidance behavior induced by associative memory of the taste sensation for something pleasant or neutral with a negative visceral reaction caused by the coincident action of a toxic substance that is tasteless or administered systemically. We sought to measure the effects of treadmill exercise on CTA in rats by investigating the effects of exercise on acquisition, extinction and spontaneous recovery of CTA. We made two groups of rats: an exercise group that ran on a treadmill, and a control group that did not have structured exercise periods. To condition rats to disfavor a sweet taste, consumption of a 0.1% saccharin solution in place of drinking water was paired with 0.15M LiCl (2% body weight, i.p.) to induce visceral discomfort. We measured changes of saccharin consumption during acquisition and extinction of CTA. The exercise and no-exercise groups both acquired CTA to similar levels and showed maximum extinction of CTA around 6 days after acquisition. This result indicates that exercise affects neither acquisition nor extinction of CTA. However, in testing for preservation of CTA after much longer extinction periods that included exercise or not during the intervening period, exercising animals showed a significantly lower saccharin intake, irrespective of having exercised or not during the conditioning phase of the trial. This result suggests that exercise may help to preserve aversive memory (taste aversion in this example) as evidence by the significant spontaneous recovery of aversion in exercising animals.
研究表明,运动可以增强学习和记忆能力。条件性味觉厌恶(CTA)是一种回避行为,它是由对某种愉悦或中性味觉的联想记忆与无味或全身给药的有毒物质同时作用引起的负面内脏反应所诱发的。我们试图通过研究运动对CTA的获得、消退和自发恢复的影响,来测量跑步机运动对大鼠CTA的作用。我们将大鼠分为两组:一组为在跑步机上跑步的运动组,另一组为没有固定运动时间的对照组。为了使大鼠厌恶甜味,用0.1%的糖精溶液代替饮用水,并同时腹腔注射0.15M的LiCl(体重的2%)以诱发内脏不适。我们测量了CTA获得和消退过程中糖精摄入量的变化。运动组和非运动组获得CTA的水平相似,且在获得CTA后约6天CTA的消退达到最大值。这一结果表明,运动对CTA的获得和消退均无影响。然而,在经过更长消退期后对CTA的保留进行测试时,无论在试验的条件化阶段是否运动,在消退期进行运动的动物糖精摄入量显著降低。这一结果表明,运动可能有助于保留厌恶记忆(在本示例中为味觉厌恶),这可通过运动动物厌恶反应的显著自发恢复得到证明。