Fulton R W, d'Offay J M, Eberle R, Moeller R B, Campen H Van, O'Toole D, Chase C, Miller M M, Sprowls R, Nydam D V
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Vaccine. 2015 Jan 15;33(4):549-58. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.033. Epub 2014 Nov 30.
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) causes significant disease in cattle. Control programs in North America incorporate vaccination with modified live viral (MLV) or killed (KV) vaccine. BoHV-1 strains are isolated from diseased animals or fetuses after vaccination. There are markers for differentiating MLV from field strains using whole-genome sequencing and analysis identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using multiple primer sets and sequencing of products permits association of BoHV-1 isolates with vaccines. To determine association between vaccine virus and strains isolated from clinical cases following vaccination, we analyzed 12 BoHV-1 isolates from animals with various clinical syndromes; 9 corresponded to BoHV-1.1 respiratory group. The remaining three corresponded to BoHV-1.2b, typically found in genital tracts of cattle. Four BoHV-1 isolates were identical to a vaccine strain; three were from post-vaccination abortion episodes with typical herpetic lesions whose dams had received MLV vaccine during pregnancy, and one from a heifer given a related MLV vaccine; Sequences of two respiratory isolates perfectly matched mutations characterizing RLB106 strain, a temperature sensitive mutant used in intranasal and parenteral vaccines. The last three respiratory strains clearly appeared related to a group of MLV vaccines. Previously the MLV vaccines were grouped into four groups based on SNPs patterns. In contrast with above-mentioned isolates that closely matched SNP patterns of their respective MLV vaccine virus, these 3 strains both lacked some and possessed a number of additional mutations compared to a group of MLV vaccine viral genome. Finding BoHV-1.2b in respiratory cases indicates focus should be given BoHV-1.2b as an emerging virus or a virus not recognized nor fully characterized in BRD.
牛疱疹病毒1型（BoHV-1）可在牛群中引发严重疾病。北美地区的防控计划采用改良活病毒（MLV）或灭活（KV）疫苗进行接种。BoHV-1毒株是从患病动物或接种疫苗后的胎儿中分离出来的。利用全基因组测序和分析来识别单核苷酸多态性（SNP），从而有区分MLV和野毒株的标记。使用多组引物并对产物进行测序，可将BoHV-1分离株与疫苗关联起来。为了确定疫苗病毒与接种疫苗后临床病例中分离出的毒株之间的关联，我们分析了12株来自患有各种临床综合征动物的BoHV-1分离株；其中9株属于BoHV-1.1呼吸道组。其余3株属于BoHV-1.2b，通常在牛的生殖道中发现。4株BoHV-1分离株与一种疫苗毒株相同；3株来自接种疫苗后发生流产且伴有典型疱疹病变的病例，其母牛在孕期接种了MLV疫苗，1株来自接种了相关MLV疫苗的小母牛；2株呼吸道分离株的序列与RLB106毒株的特征性突变完全匹配，RLB106是一种用于鼻内和肠胃外疫苗的温度敏感突变株。最后3株呼吸道毒株明显与一组MLV疫苗有关。此前，根据SNP模式，MLV疫苗被分为4组。与上述与各自MLV疫苗病毒的SNP模式紧密匹配的分离株不同，这3株毒株与一组MLV疫苗病毒基因组相比，既缺少一些突变，又有许多额外的突变。在呼吸道病例中发现BoHV-1.2b表明，应将BoHV-1.2b作为一种新兴病毒或在牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）中未被认识或未完全表征的病毒予以关注。
