Gonzalez Polaris, Martinez Karen G
Ponce School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Clinical Psychology Program, PO Box 7004, Ponce, PR 00732-7004, USA.
University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR 09936-5067, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2014 Dec;37(4):535-46. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2014.08.010. Epub 2014 Oct 11.
The most common pathologic manifestation of fear is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Developing PTSD is closely related with predisposing factors such as genes and early traumatic experiences. In PTSD, enhanced fear learning and poor extinction are common. Fear is manifested through autonomic responses and persistent memories of the traumatic event. These manifestations are related to stress responses modulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This article evaluates the role of fear and stress in the course of PTSD. Findings on fear learning and extinction are presented in order to guide future treatments of patients with PTSD.
恐惧最常见的病理表现是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。PTSD的发生与基因和早期创伤经历等易感因素密切相关。在PTSD中，恐惧学习增强和消退不良很常见。恐惧通过自主反应和对创伤事件的持续记忆表现出来。这些表现与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴调节的应激反应有关。本文评估了恐惧和应激在PTSD病程中的作用。文中呈现了恐惧学习和消退方面的研究结果，以指导未来对PTSD患者的治疗。
