2000 - 2012年魁北克法定最低饮酒年龄对机动车碰撞事故的影响
Impacts of the minimum legal drinking age on motor vehicle collisions in Québec, 2000-2012.
作者信息
Callaghan Russell C, Gatley Jodi M, Sanches Marcos, Asbridge Mark
机构信息
Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia; Human Brain Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia; Human Brain Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
出版信息
Am J Prev Med. 2014 Dec;47(6):788-95. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.08.012. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
BACKGROUND
International debates are occurring about the effectiveness of minimum legal drinking age laws. Most minimum legal drinking age evaluation studies have focused on motor vehicle collision outcomes, but this literature is primarily based on naturalistic experiments involving legislation changes in the U.S. in the mid-1980s. Few studies have provided up-to-date estimates of the impacts of Canadian drinking age laws on motor vehicle collisions to inform current policy discussions.
PURPOSE
To estimate the impacts of minimum legal drinking age legislation on motor vehicle collisions occurring in 2000-2012 in Québec, a province with a minimum legal drinking age of 18 years.
METHODS
Using Québec Ministry of Transportation records of police-reported motor vehicle collisions in 2000-2012, regression-discontinuity analyses were employed to assess the impacts of the minimum legal drinking age on motor vehicle collisions. All data were analyzed in 2013.
RESULTS
Relative to individuals slightly younger than the minimum legal drinking age, male and female drivers just older than the minimum legal drinking age had a significant and abrupt increase of approximately 6% (men, 6.3%, p=0.003; women, 5.9%, p=0.047) in population-level motor vehicle collisions, as well as a significant 11.1% (p=0.001) rise in nighttime motor vehicle collisions (a proxy for alcohol-related collisions).
CONCLUSIONS
Drinking-age laws continue to be an integral component of contemporary alcohol-control and driving-related policies designed to limit motor vehicle collisions among youth. In addition, the regression-discontinuity approach can guide future work to estimate potential minimum legal drinking age impacts on other health outcomes.
背景
关于法定最低饮酒年龄法律的有效性，国际上正在展开辩论。大多数法定最低饮酒年龄评估研究都集中在机动车碰撞结果上，但这些文献主要基于20世纪80年代中期美国立法变化的自然实验。很少有研究提供加拿大饮酒年龄法律对机动车碰撞影响的最新估计，以指导当前的政策讨论。
目的
估计法定最低饮酒年龄立法对2000年至2012年在魁北克发生的机动车碰撞的影响，魁北克省的法定最低饮酒年龄为18岁。
方法
利用魁北克省交通部2000年至2012年警方报告的机动车碰撞记录，采用回归间断点分析来评估法定最低饮酒年龄对机动车碰撞的影响。所有数据于2013年进行分析。
结果
与略低于法定最低饮酒年龄的个体相比，刚超过法定最低饮酒年龄的男性和女性驾驶员在总体机动车碰撞中显著且突然增加了约6%（男性为6.3%，p = 0.003；女性为5.9%，p = 0.047），在夜间机动车碰撞（与酒精相关碰撞的一个指标）中显著增加了11.1%（p = 0.001）。
结论
饮酒年龄法律仍然是当代酒精控制和与驾驶相关政策的一个组成部分，旨在限制青少年中的机动车碰撞。此外，回归间断点方法可以指导未来的工作，以估计法定最低饮酒年龄对其他健康结果的潜在影响。
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